Improved resolution of major clades within Tuber and taxonomy of species within the Tuber gibbosum complex
Improved resolution of major clades within Tuber and taxonomy of species within the Tuber gibbosum complex
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DOI：
10.3852/09-213
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Vilgalys, Rytas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bonito, Gregory;Trappe, James M.;Vilgalys, Rytas
块茎，描述于北方加州，最初被认为是一个单一的，易变的种，从秋天到冬天到春天结果。在美国西北部，它已成为一种受欢迎的烹饪松露，在那里它是商业收获的。形态学研究表明，它可能是一个至少包括两个物种的复合体。我们进行了形态学和系统发育研究的复杂，以确定有多少种可能包含和他们如何不同形态，地理和季节。我们还提供了第一个块茎属的LSU系统发育。系统发育分析解决了9个主要的分支在该属具有较高的自举支持，并区分Gibbosum分支Aestivum，挖掘，大孢子，Magnatum，Melanosporum，青春期，Rufum和Spinoreticulatum分支。ITS和LSU区域的进一步分析显示Gibbosum复合体中有四个不同的物种。虽然形态相似的四个种不同的孢子大小和形状和周壁解剖。这些种共有的联会形态有superrapellis菌丝与独特的，不规则的壁selling成熟，我们还没有看到这种菌丝类型在任何其他块茎。国际吧将这3个新种分别命名为T bellisporum Bonito & Trappe、T castellanoi Bonito & Trappe和T oregonense Trappe，Bonito & Rawlinson。
Tuber gibbosum Harkn., described from northern California, originally was thought to be a single, variable species that fruited from autumn through winter to spring. It has become popular as a culinary truffle in northwestern USA, where it is commercially harvested. Morphological studies suggested it might be a complex that includes at least two species. We conducted morphological and phylogenetic studies of the complex to determine how many species it might contain and how they differed morphologically, geographically and seasonally. We also provide the first LSU phylogeny for the genus Tuber. Phylogenetic analyses resolve nine major clades in the genus with high bootstrap support and distinguish the Gibbosum clade from the Aestivum, Excavatum, Macrosporum, Magnatum, Melanosporum, Puberulum, Rufum and Spinoreticulatum clades. Further analyses of ITS and LSU regions revealed four distinct species in the Gibbosum complex. Although morphologically similar the four species differ in spore size and shape and in peridial anatomy. These species share the synapomorphy of having suprapellis hyphae with distinctive, irregular wall swellings at maturity; we have not seen this hyphal type in any other Tuber spp. worldwide. The three new species are named and described as T bellisporum Bonito & Trappe, T castellanoi Bonito & Trappe and T oregonense Trappe, Bonito & Rawlinson.