Phytochemical Evaluation, Embryotoxicity, and Teratogenic Effects of Curcuma longa Extract on Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Phytochemical Evaluation, Embryotoxicity, and Teratogenic Effects of Curcuma longa Extract on Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
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DOI：
10.1155/2019/3807207
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Shaharuddin, Noor Azmi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alafiatayo, Akinola Adekoya;Lai, Kok-Song;Shaharuddin, Noor Azmi
姜黄（Curcuma longa L.）是一种根茎植物，在东南亚经常被用作传统的药物制剂。干粉通常被称为万能草药，具有更广泛的药物活性。尽管长曲霉的治疗应用被广泛报道，但其对斑马鱼胚胎和幼虫的安全性和致畸作用的研究仍然有限。因此，本研究旨在评估长藤提取物对斑马鱼的毒性。采用回流烧瓶提取龙骨草甲醇提取物，并采用高效液相色谱法对龙骨草总黄酮进行鉴定和定量。选取12个受精卵进行不同浓度下的胚胎毒性和致畸性试验。将胚胎暴露于E3M培养基中，对照组仅暴露于E3M培养基中，记录不同发育终点，用LC50/EC50比值计算治疗指数。龙舌兰提取物中黄酮含量较高，其中儿茶素、表儿茶素和柚皮素含量最高，分别为3531.34、688.70和523.83g/mL。当浓度大于62.50g/mL时，发现其毒性作用呈剂量依赖性，当浓度大于125.0g/mL时，孵化的胚胎出现死亡现象，幼虫出现身体畸形。高浓度时，其致畸作用较严重，可造成鼠尾扭结、躯干弯曲、卵黄囊水肿增大等身体畸形。最后，计算的治疗指数（TI）值在不同的测试浓度点近似相同。总的来说，结果表明，具有治疗潜力的植物在高剂量食用时也可能构成威胁，尤其是对胚胎。因此，应对药用植物进行详细的毒性分析，以确定其对胚胎及其发育的安全性。
Curcuma longa L. is a rhizome plant often used as traditional medicinal preparations in Southeast Asia. The dried powder is commonly known as cure-all herbal medicine with a wider spectrum of pharmaceutical activities. In spite of the widely reported therapeutic applications of C. longa, research on its safety and teratogenic effects on zebrafish embryos and larvae is still limited. Hence, this research aimed to assess the toxicity of C. longa extract on zebrafish. Using a reflux flask, methanol extract of C. longa was extracted and the identification and quantification of total flavonoids were carried out with HPLC. Twelve fertilized embryos were selected to test the embryotoxicity and teratogenicity at different concentration points. The embryos were exposed to the extract in the E3M medium while the control was only exposed to E3M and different developmental endpoints were recorded with the therapeutic index calculated using the ratio of LC50/EC50. C. longa extract was detected to be highly rich in flavonoids with catechin, epicatechin, and naringenin as the 3 most abundant with concentrations of 3,531.34, 688.70, and 523.83g/mL, respectively. The toxicity effects were discovered to be dose-dependent at dosage above 62.50g/mL, while, at 125.0g/mL, mortality of embryos was observed and physical body deformities of larvae were recorded among the hatched embryos at higher concentrations. Teratogenic effect of the extract was severe at higher concentrations producing physical body deformities such as kink tail, bend trunk, and enlarged yolk sac edema. Finally, the therapeutic index (TI) values calculated were approximately the same for different concentration points tested. Overall, the result revealed that plants having therapeutic potential could also pose threats when consumed at higher doses especially on the embryos. Therefore, detailed toxicity analysis should be carried out on medicinal plants to ascertain their safety on the embryos and its development.