The Impact of Different Social-Policy Frameworks on Social Inequalities among Women in the European Union: The Labour-Market Participation of Mothers
The Impact of Different Social-Policy Frameworks on Social Inequalities among Women in the European Union: The Labour-Market Participation of Mothers
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不同社会政策框架对欧盟妇女社会不平等的影响：母亲的劳动力市场参与
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Saraceno
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wolfgang Keck;C. Saraceno
本文讨论的问题是，除了众所周知的就业“母性惩罚”之外，对于受教育程度较低的母亲是否还存在“教育惩罚”。它还询问工作与家庭协调政策是否在确定欧盟国家这些不同处罚的特征和程度方面发挥了作用。作者发现，通过教育对女性就业的选择在很大程度上不受母亲身份的影响。只有少数国家对低学历母亲实行额外处罚。让普通母亲和低学历母亲继续从事有酬工作的最有效政策似乎是为三岁以下儿童提供慷慨的托儿服务。与作者自己的假设和大多数相关文献中提出的研究结果相反，没有证据表明“太长”的育儿假对就业有负面影响，而数据证实“太短”的育儿假可能会抑制就业。在应用各种控制措施后，作者得出的结论是，政策是更复杂的制度和文化框架的一部分，该框架的选择和限制影响着母亲对劳动力市场的参与。
This paper addresses the issue of whether, in addition to the well-known “motherhood penalty” in employment, there is also an “education penalty” for mothers with lower levels of education. It also asks whether work–family conciliating policies play a role in determining the characteristics and the extent of these different penalties in EU countries. The authors find that the selection of women in employment by education is largely unaffected by motherhood. Only in a few countries is there an additional penalty for low-educated mothers. The most effective policy to enable both mothers in general and low-educated mothers to remain in paid work appears to be generous provision of childcare services for children under three years. Contrary to the authors’ own hypothesis and the findings presented in most of the relevant literature, there is no evidence that “too long” parental leave has a negative effect on employment, whereas the data confirm that “too short” leave may be disincentivizing. Following the application of various controls, the authors conclude that policies are part of a more complex institutional and cultural framework of options and constraints that shape the labour-market participation of mothers.