Fairness, responsibility, and welfare
Fairness, responsibility, and welfare
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公平、责任、福利
DOI：
10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199215911.001.0001
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Fleurbaey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Fleurbaey
当个人对自己的成就负有部分责任时，什么是资源和其他物品的公平分配？这本书发展了一个关于公平的理论，其中包含了对个人责任、机会和自由的关注。从批判的角度来看，它使人们能够理解经济学和哲学的最新发展，这些发展从平等机会的角度定义了社会正义。它还提出了新的观点和原创的想法。本书将数学部分与其他部分分开，以便非技术读者很容易理解主要概念和思想。人们通常认为责任是一个复杂的概念，但这本专著提出了一个简单的分析框架，使人们有可能理清不同的公平概念，这些概念涉及消除个人不负责的不平等，奖励他们的努力，尊重他们的选择，或者在他们的责任范围内保持中立。它只把悖论和不可能作为强调重要伦理选择的一种方式，并总是在围绕平等和责任的冲突价值观中提出解决方案和合理妥协。该理论能够纳入抑制问题，并在应用政策问题的检查中得到说明，例如：收入再分配时，个人可能对其劳动力供应或教育的选择负责；社会和私人保险，个人可能对其危险的生活方式负责；第二次机会政策；衡量机会不平等和社会流动性。
What is a fair distribution of resources and other goods when individuals are partly responsible for their achievements? This book develops a theory of fairness incorporating a concern for personal responsibility, opportunities and freedom. With a critical perspective, it makes accessible the recent developments in economics and philosophy that define social justice in terms of equal opportunities. It also proposes new perspectives and original ideas. The book separates mathematical sections from the rest of the text, so that the main concepts and ideas are easily accessible to non-technical readers. It is often thought that responsibility is a complex notion, but this monograph proposes a simple analytical framework that makes it possible to disentangle the different concepts of fairness that deal with neutralizing inequalities for which the individuals are not held responsible, rewarding their effort, respecting their choices, or staying neutral with respect to their responsibility sphere. It dwells on paradoxes and impossibilities only as a way to highlight important ethical options and always proposes solutions and reasonable compromises among the conflicting values surrounding equality and responsibility. The theory is able to incorporate disincentive problems and is illustrated in the examination of applied policy issues such as: income redistribution when individuals may be held responsible for their choices of labor supply or education; social and private insurance when individuals may be held responsible for their risky lifestyle; second chance policies; the measurement of inequality of opportunities and social mobility.