Effects of free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) on nitrogen assimilation and growth of winter wheat under nitrate and ammonium fertilization
Effects of free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) on nitrogen assimilation and growth of winter wheat under nitrate and ammonium fertilization
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.13819
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Manderscheid, Remy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dier, Markus;Meinen, Rieke;Manderscheid, Remy
以冬小麦为材料，进行了为期2年的自由空气CO2浓度升高（FACE）试验。研究了大气CO2浓度升高（e[CO2]）是否抑制硝酸盐同化，以及在e[CO2]下是否可以通过铵基施肥实现更好的生长和氮素获取，正如在小麦水培中观察到的那样。在E[CO2]下，硝酸盐同化作用的减少被认为是C3谷物中蛋白质浓度下降的原因。小麦生长在环境[CO2]和e[CO2]（600 ppm）与三个水平（不足，最佳和过量）的硝酸盐为基础的施肥（硝酸铵钙; CAN）或最佳铵为基础的施肥。施用铵肥的第一年是通过向土壤中注入铵溶液，第二年是通过表面施用尿素结合硝化抑制剂（UNI）。结果表明，铵基施肥成功地实现了在第二年的硝化控制，土壤铵浓度相当高的生长季节相比，最佳CAN地块UNI施肥地块。此外，茎硝酸盐浓度，旗叶硝酸还原酶活性，和转录水平较低的UNI施肥植物相比，最佳的CAN。关于E[CO2]对硝酸还原酶活性和转录水平的影响，任何氮肥处理都没有观察到改变。旗叶生长受到刺激下的e[CO2]导致增强的硝酸还原酶活性指的是m（2）地面面积在开花后期与较高的氮素收购下的e[CO2]。此外，氮的收购是相当高的硝酸盐施肥的植物相比，铵施肥的植物下[CO2]。我们在田间条件下获得的结果表明，从硝酸盐到铵基施肥的变化将不会导致更好的生长和氮的冬小麦在未来的e[CO2]下的收购。
A 2-year Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment was conducted with winter wheat. It was investigated whether elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) inhibit nitrate assimilation and whether better growth and nitrogen acquisition under e[CO2] can be achieved with an ammonium-based fertilization as it was observed in hydroponic culture with wheat. Under e[CO2] a decrease in nitrate assimilation has been discussed as the cause for observed declines in protein concentration in C3 cereals. Wheat was grown under ambient [CO2] and e[CO2] (600 ppm) with three levels (deficiency, optimal, and excessive) of nitrate-based fertilization (calcium ammonium nitrate; CAN) or with optimal ammonium-based fertilization. Ammonium fertilization was applied via injection of an ammonium solution into the soil in the 1st year and by surface application of urea combined with nitrification inhibitors (UNI) in the 2nd year. Results showed that ammonium-based fertilization was successfully achieved in the 2nd year with respect to nitrification control, as soil ammonium concentration was considerably higher over the growing season for UNI fertilized plots compared to optimal CAN plots. Also, stem nitrate concentration, flag leaf nitrate reductase activity, and transcript levels were lower in UNI fertilized plants compared to optimal CAN. Regarding the e[CO2] effect on nitrate reductase activity and transcript levels, no alteration could be observed for any nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Flag leaf growth was stimulated under e[CO2] leading to an enhanced nitrate reductase activity referred to m(2) ground area at late flowering being in line with a higher nitrogen acquisition under e[CO2]. Moreover, nitrogen acquisition was considerably higher in nitrate fertilized plants compared to ammonium fertilized plants under e[CO2]. Our results obtained under field conditions show that a change from nitrate-to ammonium-based fertilization will not lead to a better growth and nitrogen acquisition of winter wheat under future e[CO2].