Why fisheries collapse and what to do about it
Why fisheries collapse and what to do about it
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.93.10.5078
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发表时间：
1996-05-14
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Smith, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roughgarden, J;Smith, F
随着世界上许多地方渔业的崩溃造成广泛的经济损害，人们的注意力集中在渔业崩溃的可能原因和补救措施上，管理可再生资源的经济理论，如渔业，导致生态不稳定的平衡，就像平衡圆顶上的大理石一样难以维持，渔业应该为生态稳定而管理-在类比中，就像在碗的底部放一颗大理石一样容易维护，如果目标种群高于产生最大可持续产量并且以低于最大可持续产量的产量收获，则实现了生态稳定的目标，如果渔业具有足够的生产力，则管理生态稳定的成本（称为“自然保险”）很低，在一个多变和不确定的环境中，这一成本在长期内是可以收回的。生态稳定的目标种群可以按照目前的做法通过每年可变的配额来实现，或者最好通过一种市场机制来实现，如果在种群低于目标时捕捞，则在码头征税，否则不征税。短期收入最大化的目标与生态稳定性的目标一致，从而也使长期收入最大化。纽芬兰鳕鱼渔业预计将在9年内恢复到生态稳定的水平，此后每年的捕捞量约为1981-1990年平均水平的75%。
With the collapse of fisheries in many parts of the world causing widespread economic harm, attention is focused on a possible cause and remedy of fishery collapse, Economic theory for managing a renewable resource, such as a fishery, leads to an ecologically unstable equilibrium as difficult to maintain as balancing a marble on top of a dome, A fishery should be managed for ecological stability instead-in the analogy, as easy to maintain as keeping a marble near the base of a bowl, The goal of ecological stability is achieved if the target stock is above that producing maximum sustainable yield and harvested at less than the maximum sustainable yield, The cost of managing for ecological stability, termed ''natural insurance,'' is low if the fishery is sufficiently productive, This cost is shown to pay for itself over the long term in a variable and uncertain environment, An ecologically stable target stock may be attained either with annually variable quotas following current practice or, preferably, through a market mechanism whereby fish are taxed at dockside if caught when the stock was below target and are untaxed otherwise, In this regulatory environment, the goal of maximizing short-term revenue coincides with the goal of ecological stability, thereby also maximizing long-term revenue, This new approach to fishery management is illustrated with the recently collapsed Newfoundland fishing industry. The Newfoundland cod fishery is expected to rebuild to an ecologically stable level in about 9 years and thereafter support an annual harvest of about 75% of the 1981-1990 average.