Urinary incontinence: prevalence and risk factors at 16 weeks of gestation
Urinary incontinence: prevalence and risk factors at 16 weeks of gestation
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08407.x
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发表时间：
1999-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Secher, NJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hojberg, KE;Salvig, JD;Secher, NJ
Objective To evaluate the prevalence of urinary incontinence at 16 weeks of gestation and to identify possible maternal and obstetric risk factors.Design Cross-sectional study and cohort study.Setting Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.Population Cross-sectional study: 7795 women attending antenatal care. Cohort study: a sub-group of 1781 pregnant women with one previous delivery at our department.Results Prevalence and maternal risk factors: the prevalence of urinary incontinence within the preceding year was 8.9% among women at 16 weeks of gestation (nulliparae, 3.9%, para 1, 13.8%, para 2+, 16.2%). Stress or mixed incontinence occurred at least weekly in 3% of all the women. After adjusting for age, parity, body mass index, smoking, previous abortions, and previous lower abdominal or urological surgery in a logistic regression model, primiparous women who had delivered vaginally had higher risk of stress or mixed urinary incontinence than nulliparous women (OR 5.7; 95% CI 3.9-8.3). Subsequent vaginal deliveries did not increase the risk significantly. Young age, body mass index > 30, and smoking were possible risk factors for developing urinary incontinence. Obstetric factors: weight of the newborn > 4000 g (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.0-3.6) increased the risk of urinary incontinence; mediolateral episiotomy in combination with birthweight > 4000 g also increased the risk (OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.2-10.2); a number of other intrapartum factors did not increase the risk of urinary incontinence.Conclusions The first vaginal delivery was a major risk factor for developing urinary incontinence; subsequent vaginal deliveries did not increase the risk significantly. Birthweight > 4000 g increased the risk; episiotomy in combination with birthweight > 4000 g also increased the risk.
