Recent Studies on Insect Hormone Metabolic Pathways Mediated by Cytochrome P450 Enzymes
Recent Studies on Insect Hormone Metabolic Pathways Mediated by Cytochrome P450 Enzymes
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DOI：
10.1248/bpb.35.838
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发表时间：
2012-06-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Kataoka, Hiroshi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Iga, Masatoshi;Kataoka, Hiroshi
昆虫的蜕皮和变态主要受蜕皮激素和幼虫激素两种昆虫激素的控制。昆虫激素代谢途径的生理生化研究表明P450 （CYP）酶参与了这些途径，但这些酶的分子细节尚不清楚。近年来，基因组信息以及分子生物学和遗传学的研究使我们能够了解体外类固醇和JH代谢途径中的酶。基因组测序已在几种昆虫物种中完成，并显示存在36-180个CYP酶。迄今为止，在20-羟基蜕皮激素（20E）的生物合成和失活途径中分别发现了6种和1种CYP酶。在20E生物合成途径中，酶、底物和代谢物之间的相关性在后期阶段得到阐明，但早期阶段的酶和中间体尚未完全了解，被称为“黑匣子”。20E生物合成中部分CYP酶的基因表达受神经肽和JH的调控。此外，在JH生物合成和失活途径中都发现了CYP酶的参与。因此，近年来的研究表明CYP酶在昆虫激素代谢中的重要性。
In insects molting and metamorphosis are primarily under the control of two insect hormones, ecdysone and juvenile hormone (JH). Physiological and biochemical studies of insect hormone metabolic pathways suggested the involvement of P450 (CYP) enzymes in the pathways, but molecular details of the enzymes were unclear. In recent years, the genome information and studies using molecular biology and genetics have allowed us to understand enzymes in the ecdysteroid and JH metabolic pathways. Genome sequencing has been accomplished in several insect species, and has shown the presence of 36-180 CYP enzymes. To date, six and one CYP enzymes have been revealed in the biosynthesis and inactivation pathways of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), respectively. In the 20E biosynthetic pathway, correlation among the enzymes, substrates and metabolites is elucidated in the late steps, but the enzyme(s) and intermediates in the early steps have not been fully understood and are referred to as the 'Black Box'. The gene expression of some CYP enzymes in the 20E biosynthesis is modulated by neuropeptides and JH. Furthermore, involvement of a CYP enzyme is found in both JH biosynthesis and inactivation pathways. Thus, recent studies have shown the importance of CYP enzymes in insect hormone metabolisms.