Genetic diversity, population structure, effective population size and demographic history of the Finnish wolf population
Genetic diversity, population structure, effective population size and demographic history of the Finnish wolf population
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.02877.x
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Vilà, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aspi, J;Roininen, E;Vilà, C
在三个不同的时期（1996-1998年，1999-2001年和2002-2004年），芬兰狼种群（狼）进行了采样，118个人的基因型与10个微卫星标记。尽管最近出现了人口瓶颈，但在人口中发现了较大的遗传变异。没有发现空间种群细分，即使一个显着的负相关关系，遗传亲缘关系和地理距离建议隔离的距离。很少有个人不属于当地的狼种群所确定的分配分析，这表明在人口中的移民水平低。我们使用了时间的方法和几种统计方法来估计方差的有效大小的人口。所有的方法都给出了类似的有效种群规模估计，大约40只狼。这些估计数略大于育种个体的估计普查规模。一个基于马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗模拟的贝叶斯模型显示了长期人口下降的有力证据。这些结果表明，当代狼的人口规模约为历史规模的8%，人口下降可以追溯到世纪末或世纪初。尽管在整个研究期间，人口普查规模增加了50%以上，但只有微弱的证据表明，上一个时期的有效人口规模高于第一个时期。这可能是由于近亲繁殖增加，种群内扩散减少，以及最后一个研究期间种群移民减少造成的。
The Finnish wolf population (Canis lupus) was sampled during three different periods (1996-1998, 1999-2001 and 2002-2004), and 118 individuals were genotyped with 10 microsatellite markers. Large genetic variation was found in the population despite a recent demographic bottleneck. No spatial population subdivision was found even though a significant negative relationship between genetic relatedness and geographic distance suggested isolation by distance. Very few individuals did not belong to the local wolf population as determined by assignment analyses, suggesting a low level of immigration in the population. We used the temporal approach and several statistical methods to estimate the variance effective size of the population. All methods gave similar estimates of effective population size, approximately 40 wolves. These estimates were slightly larger than the estimated census size of breeding individuals. A Bayesian model based on Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations indicated strong evidence for a long-term population decline. These results suggest that the contemporary wolf population size is roughly 8% of its historical size, and that the population decline dates back to late 19th century or early 20th century. Despite an increase of over 50% in the census size of the population during the whole study period, there was only weak evidence that the effective population size during the last period was higher than during the first. This may be caused by increased inbreeding, diminished dispersal within the population, and decreased immigration to the population during the last study period.