A basic study on sonoporation with microbubbles exposed to pulsed ultrasound.
A basic study on sonoporation with microbubbles exposed to pulsed ultrasound.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10396-005-0031-5
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发表时间：
2005-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yamamoto, Katsuyuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Okada, Kengo;Kudo, Nobuki;Yamamoto, Katsuyuki
目得：声致穿孔是一种超声技术，它使通常不穿透细胞膜的大分子通过它。最近的研究表明，在微泡存在下的脉冲超声增加了细胞膜的通透性。然而，这种声致穿孔的机制和基本性质仍不清楚。因此，我们调查的产生和发生频率的声穿孔的机制，以及微泡损伤的细胞膜的修复。方法：微泡和细胞之间的空间关系进行了观察显微镜下，当细胞与脉冲超声声处理。结果：微泡对细胞膜的损伤主要是由微泡膨胀和收缩的力学效应引起的，微泡对细胞膜的损伤可显著增加细胞膜的通透性。细胞膜损伤的频率与微泡的存在密切相关，并随着声压的增加而增加。损伤细胞的修复率约为70%，在3分钟后，一个单一的脉冲超声，表明损伤的细胞膜的修复需要很少的time.CONCLUSION：我们研究了使用脉冲超声和微泡声孔的细胞膜损伤和修复的发生频率。我们的研究结果应该证明是有用的，以改善脉冲超声声致孔。
PURPOSE: Sonoporation is an ultrasound technique that enables large molecules that normally do not penetrate the cell membrane to pass through it. Recent studies show that pulsed ultrasound in the presence of microbubbles increases the permeability of the cell membrane. However, the mechanism and basic properties of this sonoporation remain unclear. We thus investigated the mechanism of generation and frequency of occurrence of sonoporation, as well as the repair of a cell membrane damaged by microbubbles.METHODS: The spatial relationship between microbubbles and cells was observed microscopically when cells were sonicated with pulsed ultrasound. Effects of microbubbles on the cells were observed with a high-speed camera, and the ratio of cell membrane damage and repair was examined using fluorescent microscopy.RESULTS: Damage to the cell membrane, caused mainly by mechanical effects of the expansion and contraction of microbubbles, significantly increased the permeability of the cell membrane. The frequency of cell membrane damage was closely associated with the presence of microbubbles and increased with increase in acoustic pressure. The ratio of repair of damaged cells was about 70% during 3min after a single shot of pulsed ultrasound, indicating that repair of damaged cell membranes requires little time.CONCLUSION: We examined the frequency of occurrence of cell membrane damage and repair in sonoporation using pulsed ultrasound and microbubbles. Our results should prove useful for improving pulsed-ultrasound sonoporation.