Does child spacing affect children’s outcomes? Evidence from a Swedish reform
Does child spacing affect children’s outcomes? Evidence from a Swedish reform
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瑞典改革的证据表明，孩子的生育间隔会影响孩子的成长吗？
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发表时间：
2009
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Peter Skogman Thoursie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Per Pettersson;Peter Skogman Thoursie
在本文中，我们提供了证据来证明生育间隔是否会影响孩子未来的成功。作为生育间隔变化的一个外生来源，我们利用了瑞典育儿假福利制度中引入的一项行政规则。这一规则使妇女有可能保留其以前的高水平育儿假福利，即，90%的工资替代，在生育间隔不超过24个月的情况下不进入劳动力市场。与外国出生的母亲相比，该规则对本地出生的母亲的生育间隔行为产生了更大的影响，这是由于她们对劳动力市场的不同依恋。我们发现，该规则造成了减少间隔之间的本土出生的母亲相比，外国出生的母亲。对于本地出生的母亲所生的人来说，改革也造成了教育程度的下降。因此，这表明，子女间隔较近的效果对子女的未来结果产生了负面影响。我们提供了额外的证据，这可能是由于早期环境对人类技能发展能力的强烈影响，如Knutsen等人（2006）所讨论的那样。
In this paper, we provide evidence of whether child spacing affects the future success of children. As an exogenous source of variation in child spacing, we make use of the introduction of an administrative rule in the parental leave benefit system in Sweden. This rule made it possible for a woman to retain her previous high level of parental leave benefits, i.e., 90 percent wage replacement, without entering the labor market between births provided that the interval between the births did not exceed 24 months. The rule had a much larger effect on the birth spacing behavior for native-born mothers compared to foreign-born mothers due to their differential attachment to the labor market. We find that the rule caused a reduction in spacing among native-born mothers as compared to the foreign-born mothers. For individuals born by native-born mothers, the reform also caused a decrease in educational attainment. Thus, this suggests that the effect of spacing children closer has a negative impact on children’s future outcomes. We provide additional evidence that this is likely due to the strong effects of early environment on the capacity for human skill development as discussed by Knutsen et al. (2006).