HIERARCHICAL CONTROL OF COGNITIVE PROCESSES: THE CASE FOR SKILLED TYPEWRITING
HIERARCHICAL CONTROL OF COGNITIVE PROCESSES: THE CASE FOR SKILLED TYPEWRITING
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-385527-5.00001-2
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Crump, Matthew J. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Logan, Gordon D.;Crump, Matthew J. C.
认知受等级控制的观点对许多人来说很有吸引力，但很难从经验上证明。通常，非分层理论可以像分层理论一样解释数据。本章的目的是记录熟练打字中的分层控制案例，并将其作为展示其他认知行为中的分层控制策略的示例。我们提出，打字是由两个嵌套的反馈回路控制的，这两个反馈回路可以根据影响它们的因素来区分，它们通过中间表示（单词）进行交流，它们对彼此的工作方式知之甚少，并依赖于不同类型的反馈。我们讨论了其他技能中的层次控制；层次控制与自动性、程序记忆、内隐知识等熟悉概念的关系；以及等级技能的发展。最后，我们将推测层级控制在日常认知和寻找有意义的生活中的作用。
The idea that cognition is controlled hierarchically is appealing to many but is difficult to demonstrate empirically. Often, nonhierarchical theories can account for the data as well as hierarchical ones do. The purpose of this chapter is to document the case for hierarchical control in skilled typing and present it as an example of a strategy for demonstrating hierarchical control in other cognitive acts. We propose that typing is controlled by two nested feedback loops that can be distinguished in terms of the factors that affect them, that communicate through intermediate representations (words), that know little about how each other work, and rely on different kinds of feedback. We discuss hierarchical control in other skills; the relation between hierarchical control and familiar concepts like automaticity, procedural memory, and implicit knowledge; and the development of hierarchical skills. We end with speculations about the role of hierarchical control in everyday cognition and the search for a meaningful life.