Evaluation of the health-risk reduction potential of countermeasures to urban heat islands
Evaluation of the health-risk reduction potential of countermeasures to urban heat islands
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DOI：
10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.06.038
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发表时间：
2016-02-15
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Ziegler, Felix
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buchin, Oliver;Hoelscher, Marie-Therese;Ziegler, Felix
与热相关的健康风险的传统评估忽略了建筑物理的影响，因为室外条件被用作预测变量。来自德国柏林和美国的热相关死亡率数据采用区分室外和室内危险的风险概念进行评估。这样，可以考虑非线性建筑物理对热相关风险的影响，并可以检查适应策略的影响。环境温度每增加 1 K，柏林 65 岁以上年龄组中与热相关的死亡人数预计会增加一倍。平均环境空气温度降低 0.8 K，可降低 50%。城市热岛对策根据其对室内和室外危害的减少潜力进行评估。分析表明，经典的城市热岛对策虽然能有效降低室外气温，但不一定能减少室内危害。关于室内热相关危害，树木、立面和屋顶绿化、凉爽屋顶和凉爽人行道的影响很小。建筑层面的措施，即冷却屋顶和立面绿化效果最好，但被动冷却和空调最有效。为了减少气候变化中的过量死亡人数，需要采取综合措施。 (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Traditional assessment of heat-related health risks neglects the influence of the building physics as outdoor conditions are used as predictor variables. Data on heat-related mortality from Berlin, Germany and from the US are evaluated with a risk concept which differentiates between outdoor and indoor hazards. Such, the influence of non-linear building physics on heat-related risks can be considered and the impact of adaptation strategies can be examined.The number of heat-related deaths in the age-group 65+ for Berlin is expected to double with each 1 K increase in ambient temperature. It can be reduced by 50% with a mean ambient air-temperature reduction of 0.8 K. Countermeasures to urban heat islands are evaluated according to their reduction potential on hazards, both indoors and outdoors. The analysis shows that classic UHI countermeasures, which are effective in reducing air-temperatures outdoors, do not necessarily reduce the indoor hazard. Regarding indoor heat-related hazards, trees, facade and roof greening, cool roofs and cool pavements have a low impact only. Measures at the building level, namely cool roofs and facade greening perform best, however, passive cooling and air-conditioning are most effective. To reduce the number of excess deaths in a changing climate, combined measures are necessary. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.