Edaravone, a Free Radical Scavenger, Inhibits MMP-9-Related Brain Hemorrhage in Rats Treated With Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Edaravone, a Free Radical Scavenger, Inhibits MMP-9-Related Brain Hemorrhage in Rats Treated With Tissue Plasminogen Activator
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DOI:
10.1161/strokeaha.108.520262
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发表时间:
2009-02-01
期刊:
影响因子:
8.3
通讯作者:
Nagahiro, Shinji
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yagi, Kenji;Kitazato, Keiko T.;Nagahiro, Shinji
Background and Purpose-Intracerebral hemorrhage, induced by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) in ischemic stroke, is attributable to the increased activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Patients with acute infarct benefit from the neuroprotective drug edaravone, a free radical scavenger. We examined the mechanisms by which edaravone may help to suppress rtPA-induced brain hemorrhage.Methods-Male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 280 g were subjected to 3-hour transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and divided randomly into 3 groups. Immediately after reperfusion, 1 group was intravenously injected with 10 mg/kg rtPA, another with rtPA plus 3 mg/kg edaravone, and the 3rd group received no treatment. We assessed the hemorrhage volume and the activity of MMP-9 in the brain 24 hours postischemia. We also studied the activity of MMP-9, its mRNA expression, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activity in rtPA-stimulated human microvascular endothelial cells (HBECs).Results-The degree of hemorrhage and the level of endothelial cell-derived MMP-9 were elevated in rats treated with rtPA alone and attenuated in rats treated with rtPA plus edaravone. In rtPA-stimulated HBECs, edaravone suppressed the activity and mRNA expression of MMP-9 in a dose-dependent manner. Edaravone also inhibited NF-kappa B activation.Conclusions-We demonstrate that edaravone inhibits rtPA-induced cerebral hemorrhage in the ischemic brain of rats via the inhibition of MMP-9 expression in vivo, which is substantiated by inhibition of MMP-9 expression and NF-kappa B activation in HBECs. Edaravone may render thrombolytic therapy safer for the administration of rtPA in patients with ischemic stroke. (Stroke. 2009;40:626-631.)