Systematic affinities of two enigmatic New Zealand passerines of high conservation priority, the hihi or stitchbird Notiomystis cincta and the kokako Callaeas cinerea
Systematic affinities of two enigmatic New Zealand passerines of high conservation priority, the hihi or stitchbird Notiomystis cincta and the kokako Callaeas cinerea
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.026
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发表时间：
2006-07-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Ericson, Per G. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ewen, John G.;Flux, Ian;Ericson, Per G. P.
在对“最大的鸟类辐射”(Barker等人，2004年)的一项重大回顾中，雀形目鸟类(栖息鸟类)内的传统系统关系最近被重新审视。这包括现在承认五个基本的鸣禽谱系，而不是两个主要群体--帕塞里达和科维达的传统观点(Sibley和Ahlquist，1990)。新西兰的鸟类动物群在这一更复杂的观点中提供了关键的例子。重要的是，这包括现在被认为是所有其他雀形目的姊妹分类单元(Barker等人，2002；Ericson等人，2002)的新西兰Wren科(棘科)。新西兰早期从冈瓦那分离出来(82-85年前)可能解释了该国地方性鸟类动物群中的燕鸥和其他物种形成事件的巨大进化分裂，这些特征为冈德瓦南起源到早期雀形目动物多样化提供了关键支持(Barker等人，2002,2004；Ericson等人，2002,2003)。在这里，我们关注新西兰的两个神秘的雀形目动物物种，它们没有被包括在之前基于DNA序列数据的系统研究中，但它们的关系被认为存在于最近重新定位的系统发育的深层次分裂中。首先，Hhihi目前被归类为蜜蜂科特有属Notimystis的唯一代表(Meliphagidae，Higgins等，2001)。根据Sibley和Ahlquist(1990)的说法，DNA-DNA杂交距离蜂鸟在Corvida内休息的距离。然而，对DNA序列数据的分析已经自信地表明，Corvida不是单系进化，而是包括几个从导致大辐射的谱系分支出来的类群，命名为Passerida(Barker等人，2002,2004；Ericson等人，2002,2003)。大多数这些鸣禽的基本谱系主要分布在澳大利亚-巴布亚地区，这一事实导致了鸣禽在世界这一地区进化的结论(Barker等人，2004年；Ericson等人，2003年)。这反过来又导致了这样的结论：雀形目鸟类的最早进化已经发生在白垩纪晚期的前超大陆冈瓦那，这一观点与长期以来认为雀形目鸟类是最年轻的鸟类之一的观点形成了鲜明对比。Hihi所指的蜜鸟(Higgins等人，2001)构成了这些基本的和古老的Oscine群之一(Barker等人，2002；Ericson等人，2002)。事实上，hihi是否也是蜜糖爱好者也受到了质疑(Driskell，2001；Higgins等人，2001)。然而，另一种选择并没有出现。第二，Kokako是一个特有的家族的现存成员，即金龟科，由三个物种组成(其中一个已经灭绝)，每个物种都属于自己的属。除了其明显的远古分裂外，这一群体与其他栖息鸟类的系统关系一直难以确定。Sibley和Ahlquist(1990)将它们放在Corvida中，但这一观点再次受到最近的研究的挑战。关于金合欢系统位置的最新假说(基于鞍背科，Philesturnus carunculatus)，认为它与白背金龟属、嗜金龟属和Loboparadisaea属归为一类(Barker等人，2004)。最后两个分类群以前被认为是天堂鸟，但现在已知没有
Traditional systematic relations within the Passeriformes, perching birds, have recently been re-shuZed in a major review of the “largest avian radiation”(Barker et al., 2004). This includes now recognising five basal oscine passerine lineages, rather than the traditional view of two major groups, the Passerida and Corvida (Sibley and Ahlquist, 1990). The avian fauna of New Zealand provide key examples in this more complex view. Importantly, this includes the New Zealand wren family (Acanthisittidae), now regarded as a sister taxon to all other passerines (Barker et al., 2002; Ericson et al., 2002). New Zealand’s early split from Gondwana (82–85 Myr ago) may explain the large evolutionary split of the wrens and other speciation events within the endemic avifauna of this country, and these features provide key support for a Gondwanan origin to early passerine diversification (Barker et al., 2002, 2004; Ericson et al., 2002, 2003). Here, we focus on two enigmatic passerine species of New Zealand, not included in previous systematic studies based on DNA sequence data, but whose relationships are thought to lie within deep splits of the recently re-shuZed phylogeny. First, the hihi is currently classified as the sole representative of an endemic genus, Notiomystis, within the honeyeater family (Meliphagidae, Higgins etal., 2001). According to Sibley and Ahlquist’s (1990), DNA–DNA hybridisation distances the honeyeaters rest within the Corvida. Analyses of DNA sequence data, however, have confidently shown that Corvida is not monophyletic, but includes several groups that branched off from the lineage leading to the large radiation named Passerida (Barker et al., 2002, 2004; Ericson et al., 2002, 2003). The fact that most of these basal lineages of oscine passerines have their main distribution in the Australo-Papuan region has led to the conclusion that the Oscines evolved in this part of the world (Barker et al., 2004; Ericson et al., 2003). This in turn leads to the conclusion that the earliest evolution of passerine birds took place already on the former supercontinent Gondwana in the Late Cretaceous, a view in stark contrast to the long held idea of passerines being one of the youngest groups of birds. The honeyeaters, to which the hihi has been referred (Higgins et al., 2001), constitute one of these basal and ancient groups of oscines (Barker et al., 2002; Ericson et al., 2002). Whether, in fact, hihi are honeyeaters has also been questioned (Driskell, 2001; Higgins etal., 2001). An alternative placement, however, has not been forthcoming.Second, the kokako is an extant member of an endemic family, the wattle birds (Callaeidae), consisting of three species (one extinct), each of which is placed in its own genus. The systematic relationships of this group to other perching birds have been diYcult to determine apart from its obvious ancient split. Sibley and Ahlquist (1990) placed them within the Corvida, yet again this view has been challenged by recent studies. The latest hypothesis of the systematic position of the wattle birds (based on sequences of saddleback, Philesturnus carunculatus) is that it groups with the berrypeckers and the genera Cnemophilus and Loboparadisaea (Barker etal., 2004). The last two taxa were previously regarded as birds-of-paradise but are now known to have no