IN SITU-PRODUCED COSMOGENIC ISOTOPES IN TERRESTRIAL ROCKS
IN SITU-PRODUCED COSMOGENIC ISOTOPES IN TERRESTRIAL ROCKS
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.ea.16.050188.002035
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
14.9
通讯作者：
D. Lal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Lal
在四十年代后期，Libby和他的合作者发现了自然存在的放射性同位素14C，它是由地球大气中的宇宙辐射产生的（Libby 1946, Anderson et al 1947）。这标志着在地球和地外样本以及宇宙射线本身中寻找宇宙射线产生的（宇宙成因）同位素变化的开始。在Libby发现后的40年里，在地外样本（Reedy et al 1983）和地球样本（Lal & Peters 1967）中发现了大约40种宇宙成因的稳定同位素和放射性同位素。这些同位素在宇宙射线物理学（研究银河系和太阳宇宙射线的加速和传播）、太阳系天体物理学（确定陨石、月球表面和行星际尘埃粒子的进化史）和地球科学（考古学、气象学、冰川学和海洋学）中都有应用。对于这些主题的评论，可以参考Simpson (1983)；Reedy et al (1983)；以及Lal & Peters（1967）、Oeschger等（1970）和Faure（1986）。在测量这些同位素的技术进步的推动下，发现的过程还在继续。即使是现在，新的同位素效应的例子正在被发现，各种各样的同位素效应正在被应用。当我们回顾地球宇宙产生场的发展历史时，我们会发现它是在波浪中成长的：在一个想法被实现之后，这个场
In the late forties, Libby and his collaborators detected the naturally occurring radioactive isotope 14C, produced by cosmic radiation in the Earth's atmosphere (Libby 1946, Anderson et al 1 947). This marked the onset of the search for cosmic-ray-produced (cosmogenic) isotopic changes in terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples and in the cosmic rays themselves. During the four decades since Libby's discovery, some four dozen cosmo genic stable and radioactive isotopes in extraterrestrial samples (Reedy et al 1983) and two dozen in terrestrial samples (Lal & Peters 1 967) have been discovered. These isotopes have found applications in cosmic-ray physics (in the study of acceleration and propagation of galactic and solar cosmic rays), in solar system astrophysics (in determining the evolutionary history of meteorites, the lunar surface, and interplanetary dust particles), and in the Earth sciences (in archaeology, meteorology, glaciology and oceanography). For reviews on these topics, reference is made to Simpson (1983); Reedy et al (1983); and Lal & Peters (1967), Oeschger et al (1970), and Faure ( 1986), respectively. The process of discovery continues, pro pelled by advances in the techniques used to measure these isotopes. Even now, examples of new isotopic effects are being discovered, and new applications are being made of the various isotopic effects. When one looks at the history of the development of the terrestrial cosmogenic field, one observes that it grew in waves: After an idea is implemented, the field