Benchmark for numerical solutions of flow in heterogeneous groundwater formations

Benchmark for numerical solutions of flow in heterogeneous groundwater formations
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非均质地下水层流动数值解基准

DOI:
10.1016/j.advwatres.2020.103558
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
ArXiv
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Prechtel
Prechtel
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Alecsa;Nechita;Knabner;Prechtel

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本文对模拟非均质含水层稳态流动的几种数值方法的精度和收敛性进行了数值研究。有限差分、有限元、不连续伽辽金、谱和随机游走方法在二维基准流问题上进行了测试。对数正态水力导电性场的实现由Kraichnan算法以随机周期模态有限和的封闭形式生成,这允许通过与制造的参考解的比较直接验证代码。通过增加随机模态数量和增加对数-水力电导率场的高斯相关和指数相关方差来评价方法的质量。实验收敛阶数由网格的连续细化计算得到。数值解的蒙特卡罗综的统计推断与理论一阶摄动结果的比较进一步验证了数值方法。研究发现,对于对数电导率场的高斯相关,所有方法都表现良好,但在指数相关情况下,它们的精度会下降;对于方差大、模态多的情况,本文所考虑的所有方法实际上都无法用相当大的计算资源来求解基准问题。
This article presents numerical investigations on accuracy and convergence properties of several numerical approaches for simulating steady state flows in heterogeneous aquifers. Finite difference, finite element, discontinuous Galerkin, spectral, and random walk methods are tested on two-dimensional benchmark flow problems. Realizations of log-normal hydraulic conductivity fields are generated by Kraichnan algorithms in closed form as finite sums of random periodic modes, which allow direct code verification by comparisons with manufactured reference solutions. The quality of the methods is assessed for increasing number of random modes and for increasing variance of the log-hydraulic conductivity fields with Gaussian and exponential correlation. Experimental orders of convergence are calculated from successive refinements of the grid. The numerical methods are further validated by comparisons between statistical inferences obtained from Monte Carlo ensembles of numerical solutions and theoretical first-order perturbation results. It is found that while for Gaussian correlation of the log-conductivity field all the methods perform well, in the exponential case their accuracy deteriorates and, for large variance and number of modes, the benchmark problems are practically not solvable with reasonably large computing resources, for all the methods considered in this study.
具有不断变化的尺度异质性的含水层中的溶质迁移
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