Anders Breivik and the Rise of Islamophobia
Anders Breivik and the Rise of Islamophobia
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安德斯·布雷维克和伊斯兰恐惧症的兴起
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发表时间：
2015
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通讯作者：
Mark Emmerson
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作者：
Mark Emmerson
法院的要求，寻求实现完美的比例代表制。其结果是，议会成员比598名的基数多了33名，从而给公共财政带来了相当大的负担。至于联邦议院，Iris Reus和Reimut Zohlnhöfer指出，尽管联合政府在2010年失去了在那里的多数席位，但联邦制度的改革意味着上议院不再拥有那么多否决立法的权力。该卷的第二部分是政策范围。在这12章中，除了农业、交通和海外援助之外，几乎所有部委的活动都得到了很少或很少的关注。它们提供了对所推行政策的广泛和彻底的概述。有些是关键的；Annette Henninger和Angelika von Wahl显然不是上面概述的基社盟家庭政策的朋友，尽管他们的书名中有问号：向前三步，后退两步？克里斯托弗·达斯在他关于外交政策的文章中提到了对联邦政府的批评，尤其是对未能对利比亚进行军事干预的批评。另一方面，他认为，联合国驻利比亚特派团没有带来预期的结果，这是有一定道理的。不出所料，另有一章专门讨论欧洲政策。弗兰克·温德勒指出，与其他国家相比，欧洲辩论在德国的两极分化程度较低，因为为应对欧元危机而采取的政策已被普遍接受，符合国家利益，而且所提出的解决方案符合德国的金融和经济模式。这些解决方案是否对其他经济体有利则是另一回事。这本书无疑有很多值得推荐的地方。对于那些不仅对联邦共和国历史上的第十七次选举时期感兴趣，而且对整个德国政治感兴趣的人来说，这本书都应该被视为一部标准的参考著作。撰稿人几乎无一例外地表现出对主题的出色把握，鉴于主题的复杂性，他们以尽可能直截了当的方式写作，尽管某些英国话可能会让一些德国读者跌跌撞撞。合著者Zohlnhöfer的最后一章以一种最有用的方式进行了总结。他指出，尽管存在所谓的体制障碍，联邦政府还是能够进行改革，其中一些改革是考虑到联合政府的性质而出人意料的，例如废除征兵制度，这是基督教民主党传统上支持的，以及将最低工资协议扩展到各种领域，这在意识形态上是自民党所憎恶的。他的结论是，没有最重要的政治项目，他不认为这是一种批评。许多局外人可能会走得更远，他们认为，与其他地方的敌对风格相比，德国政治的连续性元素一直是一种优势--只有在1998年才发生政府更迭，而之前的联合党没有一个继续执政。
demand of the Court, sought to attain perfect proportional representation. The result was 33 more members of parliament than the base figure of 598 and in consequence a considerable burden on public finances. As for the Bundesrat, Iris Reus and Reimut Zohlnhöfer point out that, despite the coalition losing its majority there in 2010, reforms to the federal systemmean that the upper house no longer has as much power to veto legislation. The second part of the volume is devoted to policy areas. In the 12 chapters, the activities of nearly all ministries are covered with the exceptions of agriculture, transport and overseas aid, which receive little or scant attention. They provide a wide-ranging and thorough overview of the policies pursued. Some are critical; Annette Henninger and Angelika von Wahl are clearly no friends of the CSU’s family policy outlined above, despite the question mark in their title ‘Three steps forward and two back?’ In his article on foreign policy Christopher Daase refers to criticisms made of the Federal Government, not least over the failure to intervene militarily in Libya. On the other hand, he suggests, with some justification, that the UNO mission to Libya has not brought the desired results. Unsurprisingly, a separate chapter is devoted to European policy. Frank Wendler points out that the European debate has been less polarised in Germany than elsewhere, since the policies adopted to deal with the euro crisis have been generally accepted as in the national interest and because the solutions proposed are in keeping with the German financial and economic model. Whether these solutions are good for other economies is a different issue. This volume has undoubtedly much to recommend it. It deserves to be seen as a standard work of reference for anyone interested not just in the seventeenth electoral period in the history of the Federal Republic but also German politics in general. The contributors show almost without exception an excellent grasp of their subjects and write in as straightforward a manner as possible given the complexities of the topics, although certain Anglicisms might cause some German readers to stumble. The final chapter by the co-editor Zohlnhöfer rounds things off in a most useful way. He points out that, despite the supposed institutional barriers, the Federal Government was able to make reforms, some of which were unexpected given the nature of the coalition, for example the abolition of conscription, something traditionally favoured by the Christian Democrats, and the extension of minimum wage agreements to a variety of areas, ideologically anathema to the FDP. His conclusion is that there was no overarching political project, a comment that he does not regard as a criticism. Many outsiders might go further and suggest that the element of continuity in German politics—only in 1998 has there been a change of government without one previous coalition party remaining in office—has been a strength, compared with the adversarial style found elsewhere.