Potential of 11 pesticides to initiate downstream drift of stream macroinvertebrates
Potential of 11 pesticides to initiate downstream drift of stream macroinvertebrates
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DOI：
10.1007/s00244-007-9104-3
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Liess, Matthias
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beketov, Mikhail A.;Liess, Matthias
有毒物质引起的大型无脊椎动物的下游漂移是一个众所周知的生态相关现象。然而，人们对哪些有毒物质可以引发漂移知之甚少，在生态毒理学风险评估中也没有考虑污染物的潜在漂移引发效应。本研究的目的是评估具有不同目标群体和作用模式的11种农药的潜在漂移启动作用。亚致死浓度的农药进行了测试，在流缩影与端足类动物（Gammarus pulex），黑蝇幼虫（蚋latigonium），和蜉蝣幼虫（Baetis rhodani）。结果表明，11种农药中有6种（噻虫啉、吡虫啉、啶虫脒、异菌脲、氰戊菊酯和茚虫威）在低于急性LC（50）的7-22倍的亚致死浓度下能引起大型无脊椎动物的漂移。除杀菌剂异菌脲外，所有表现出漂移起始作用的毒物都是属于拟除虫菊酯和烟碱类的神经毒性杀虫剂。没有引起漂移的农药是杀真菌剂（嘧菌环胺、咪鲜胺和嘧菌酯）、保幼激素模拟物（苯氧威）和影响细胞能量产生的吡唑杀虫剂（tebufenestrid）。值得注意的是，对于所有的漂移启动毒物，漂移的测试动物在污染后2小时内检测到。这表明，大型无脊椎动物漂移，甚至可以诱导短期脉冲暴露于神经毒性杀虫剂，在现场相关的浓度。目前的研究结果意味着，农药的漂移启动效应的可能性，应考虑农药的风险评估框架内，所有的神经毒性物质进行了调查，并启动漂移在亚致死浓度。
Downstream drift of lotic macroinvertebrates induced by toxicants is a well-known ecologically relevant phenomenon. However, little is known about which toxicants can initiate drift, and potential drift-initiating effects of contaminants are not taken into account in ecotoxicological risk assessment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate potential drift-initiating action of 11 pesticides having different target groups and modes of action. Sublethal concentrations of the pesticides were tested in stream microcosms with amphipods (Gammarus pulex), blackfly larvae (Simulium latigonium), and mayfly larvae (Baetis rhodani). The results show that 6 out of 11 pesticides tested can initiate drift of macroinvertebrates at sublethal concentrations 7-22 times lower than acute LC(50)s (thiacloprid, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, iprodione, fenvalerate, and indoxacarb). All the toxicants that exhibited drift-initiating action are neurotoxic insecticides belonging to the groups of pyrethroids and neonicotinoids except the fungicide iprodione. The pesticides that did not initiate drift are fungicides (cyprodinil, prochloraz, and azoxystrobin), a juvenile-hormone mimic (fenoxycarb), and a pyrazole insecticide (tebufenpyrad) affecting cell energy production. Remarkably, for all the drift-initiating toxicants, drift of the tested animals was detected within 2 h after contamination. This shows that macroinvertebrate drift can be induced even by short-term pulse exposures to neurotoxic insecticides, at field-relevant concentrations. The present results imply that the possibility of drift-initiating effects of pesticides should be considered within the risk assessment framework for pesticides, as all neurotoxic substances that were investigated did initiate drift at sublethal concentrations.