Friendly Foreigners: International Warfare, Resident Aliens and the Early History of Denization in England, c.1250-c.1400
Friendly Foreigners: International Warfare, Resident Aliens and the Early History of Denization in England, c.1250-c.1400
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友好的外国人：国际战争、居住的外国人和英国早期的剥夺历史，c.1250-c.1400
DOI：
10.1093/ehr/ceu344
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lambert B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lambert B
传统上，对英格兰剥夺化进程起源的探索主要集中在商人的需求和国际贸易的背景上，而对于为什么剥夺化在 1380 年代和 1390 年代作为一种可识别的大法官形式出现，却没有给出可信的解释。对战时外国人待遇的新考虑表明，在大约 1250 年到大约 1400 年之间，针对外行外国人的官方政策缓慢出现，该政策力求最大限度地减少国家紧急状态时产生的干扰，并给予那些存在对国家有利的外国人同等的权利。在 1270 年代和 1340 年代的某些特殊情况下，在法庭上有良好关系的外籍居民可以获得更完善的关于其作为居民的权利的声明。然而，1377-78 年宣布打算驱逐所有法国居民引发的一系列事件产生了包含具体提及效忠变化的保护函，从而确立了接受者应放弃先前承诺并成为英国王室臣民的原则。应用于其他民族以及在战争之外的情况下，这些发展将在随后的几十年中产生一种被称为剥夺信函的形式。
The search for the origins of the process of denization in England has traditionally focused on the needs of merchants and the context of international trade, and no credible explanation has been given for why denization emerged as a recognisable Chancery form in the 1380s and 1390s. A new consideration of wartime treatment of aliens demonstrates the slow emergence, betweenc.1250 andc.1400, of an official policy towards lay foreigners that sought to minimise the disruptions arising in moments of national emergency and to accord rights of denizen equivalence to foreigners whose presence was profitable to the realm. In certain exceptional conditions during the 1270s and 1340s, alien residents with good connections at court could secure more developed statements of their rights as denizens. However, it was a series of events set off by the announcement of an intention to expel all French residents in 1377–78 that generated letters of protection containing specific reference to a change of allegiance, and thus established the principle that the recipient should renounce his former commitment and became a subject of the English Crown. Applied to other nationalities and outside the immediate context of war, these developments would give rise to the form known as letters of denization during the decades that followed.