Novel 'chemical cocktails' in inland waters are a consequence of the freshwater salinization syndrome
Novel 'chemical cocktails' in inland waters are a consequence of the freshwater salinization syndrome
复制标题
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2018.0017
复制
发表时间：
2019-01-21
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Jaworski, Norbert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaushal, Sujay S.;Likens, Gene E.;Jaworski, Norbert
北美内陆水域水温、盐度、碱度和pH值的广泛变化已被记录在案，这些变化影响了离子交换、风化速率、化学溶解度和污染物毒性。污染引起的主要离子浓度增加、人为加速的风化和盐水入侵导致离子强度和pH值的变化以及化学混合物的动员等多种生态压力因素导致淡水盐碱化综合征（FSS）。在这里，我们探索了元素的新组合，这些元素作为含有盐、营养物质和金属的化学混合物作为FSS的结果一起运输。首先，我们发现100年来，主要在北美和欧洲地区的碱性阳离子浓度有所增加。其次，我们展示了特定电导，pH值，硝酸盐和金属之间的相互作用，使用位于美国不同地区的20多个溪流的数据。最后，盐碱化实验和常规监测表明，在华盛顿特区-马里兰州巴尔的摩大都会地区的10条河流中，阳离子、金属和营养物质的化学混合物的动员。淡水盐碱化调动了多种化学混合物，影响饮用水质量、基础设施腐蚀、淡水二氧化碳浓度和生物多样性。目前，大多数法规针对的是单个污染物，但FSS需要管理多种化学混合物的动员，以及淡水盐碱化导致的生态压力因素的相互作用。这篇文章是“淡水中的盐：原因、生态后果和未来前景”主题的一部分。
Widespread changes in water temperatures, salinity, alkalinity and pH have been documented in inland waters in North America, which influence ion exchange, weathering rates, chemical solubility and contaminant toxicity. Increasing major ion concentrations from pollution, human-accelerated weathering and saltwater intrusion contribute to multiple ecological stressors such as changing ionic strength and pH and mobilization of chemical mixtures resulting in the freshwater salinization syndrome (FSS). Here, we explore novel combinations of elements, which are transported together as chemical mixtures containing salts, nutrients and metals as a consequence of FSS. First, we show that base cation concentrations have increased in regions primarily in North America and Europe over 100 years. Second, we show interactions between specific conductance, pH, nitrate and metals using data from greater than 20 streams located in different regions of the USA. Finally, salinization experiments and routine monitoring demonstrate mobilization of chemical mixtures of cations, metals and nutrients in 10 streams draining the Washington, DC-Baltimore, MD metropolitan regions. Freshwater salinization mobilizes diverse chemical mixtures influencing drinking water quality, infrastructure corrosion, freshwater CO2 concentrations and biodiversity. Most regulations currently target individual contaminants, but FSS requires managing mobilization of multiple chemical mixtures and interacting ecological stressors as consequences of freshwater salinization.This article is part of the theme issue 'Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects'.