Improving upon the efficiency of complete case analysis when covariates are MNAR.

Improving upon the efficiency of complete case analysis when covariates are MNAR.
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当协变量为 MNAR 时,提高完整案例分析的效率。

DOI:
10.1093/biostatistics/kxu023
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发表时间:
2014-10
期刊:
Biostatistics (Oxford, England)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Vansteelandt S
Vansteelandt S
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bartlett JW;Carpenter JR;Tilling K;Vansteelandt S

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回归模型协变量中的缺失值是实证研究中普遍存在的问题。用于分析部分观察数据集的流行方法包括完全案例分析(CCA),多重插补(MI)和逆概率加权(IPW)。在缺失协变量值的情况下,这些方法(通常实施)在不同的缺失假设下有效。特别是,CCA是有效的缺失非随机(MNAR)的机制,在协变量中的缺失取决于该协变量的值,但有条件地独立于结果。在本文中,我们认为,在某些情况下,这样的假设是更合理的随机假设失踪的MI和IPW的大多数实现的基础。当前一种假设成立时,尽管CCA给出了一致的估计,但它并没有利用所有观察到的信息。因此,我们提出了一种增强的CCA方法,该方法对缺失做出与CCA相同的条件独立性假设,但在给定完全观察到的变量的情况下,通过指定缺失概率的额外模型来提高效率。新方法进行评估,使用模拟和说明通过应用程序报告的酒精消费量和血压的数据,从美国国家健康和营养检查调查,其中数据可能是独立的结果MNAR。
Missing values in covariates of regression models are a pervasive problem in empirical research. Popular approaches for analyzing partially observed datasets include complete case analysis (CCA), multiple imputation (MI), and inverse probability weighting (IPW). In the case of missing covariate values, these methods (as typically implemented) are valid under different missingness assumptions. In particular, CCA is valid under missing not at random (MNAR) mechanisms in which missingness in a covariate depends on the value of that covariate, but is conditionally independent of outcome. In this paper, we argue that in some settings such an assumption is more plausible than the missing at random assumption underpinning most implementations of MI and IPW. When the former assumption holds, although CCA gives consistent estimates, it does not make use of all observed information. We therefore propose an augmented CCA approach which makes the same conditional independence assumption for missingness as CCA, but which improves efficiency through specification of an additional model for the probability of missingness, given the fully observed variables. The new method is evaluated using simulations and illustrated through application to data on reported alcohol consumption and blood pressure from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, in which data are likely MNAR independent of outcome.
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