Wind Turbine Wall-Blockage Performance Corrections
Wind Turbine Wall-Blockage Performance Corrections
复制标题
风力发电机壁堵塞性能修正
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Werle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Werle
S在[1-5]中讨论过，已经发展了许多研究和方法来估计壁阻效应对风洞或计算流体力学(CFD)结果的影响，但只有有限数量的研究和方法处理了转子或风力涡轮机的情况。所有这些研究都采用了Glauert[1]在近100年前引入的概念，用于推进式螺旋桨，以及有限范围内的风力涡轮机。在这项工作中，Glauert使用动量平衡/执行机构-圆盘模型提供了一种调整风洞入口流速程序，以便在风洞中对螺旋桨产生与在开放、无阻碍条件下所经历的相同的推力。Glauert提供的简单速度调节关系已在整个推进行业中使用，但在风力涡轮机中遇到困难，因为在该关系中，特定推力级别出现奇点。Mikkelsen和Sorensen[5]重新讨论了这个问题，并再次使用动量平衡/执行机构-圆盘模型，提供了一种新的速度调整关系，避免了Glauert奇点。他们还与纳维-斯托克斯CFD研究进行了比较，这些研究验证了更简单的动量平衡/执行机构圆盘模型对实际感兴趣的堵塞程度的预测。然而，到目前为止，还没有提出一种方法来估计需要应用于测量或计算的风力涡轮机功率水平的壁面修正系数。目前的工作扩展了Glauert[1]、Mikkelsen和Sorensen[5]的工作。由此得到的代数方程组在很大范围内的堵塞程度下都是数值求解的。此外，还导出了精确而简单的代数表达式，用于计算壁面堵塞对可从来流中提取的最大功率水平的影响；即，提供了未受阻碍的风力涡轮机的Betz功率限制的一般版本(例如，如[6，7]中所讨论的)。最后，利用分析中提出的相关参数，提供了一种简单的近似方法，可以直接修正/调整测量和计算的功率和其他输出参数，以达到堵壁效果。讨论了该方法在风力机CFD和实验研究中的应用。
A S DISCUSSED in [1–5], numerous studies and methodologies have been developed for estimating the influence of wallblockage effects on either wind-tunnel or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results, but only a limited number have addressed the cases of either a rotor or wind turbine. All such studies employ a concept introduced by Glauert [1] nearly 100 years ago for thrusting propellers and, by limited extension, for wind turbines. In that work Glauert used a momentum-balance/actuator-disc model to provide a procedure for adjusting the wind-tunnel inlet flow speed so as to generate the same thrust on the propeller in the tunnel that onewould experience in an open, unencumbered condition. The resulting simple velocity adjustment relation Glauert provided has been used throughout the propulsion industry but encounters difficulty forwind turbines in which a singularity occurs for a specific thrust level. Mikkelsen and Sorensen [5] revisited the issue and, again using a momentum-balance/actuator-disc model, provided a new velocity adjustment relation that avoids Glauert’s singularity. They also conducted comparisons with Navier–Stokes CFD studies that verified the predictions of the simpler momentum-balance/actuatordisc model for blockage levels of practical interest. To date, though, no method has been put forward for estimating the wall correction factors one needs to apply to measured or calculated wind turbine power levels. The current effort extends the works of Glauert [1] andMikkelsen and Sorensen [5]. The resulting algebraic equation set is solved numerically for a wide range of blockage levels. Additionally, exact yet simple algebraic expressions are derived for calculating the influence of wall blockage on the maximum levels of power extractable from the incoming flow; i.e., a generalized version is provided of the Betz power limit (as discussed in [6,7], for example) for unencumbered wind turbines. Finally, through use of correlation parameters suggested by the analysis, a simple approximate means is provided for directly correcting/adjusting measured and calculated power and other outputs parameter for wall-blockage effects. The utility of the resulting methodology is discussed for CFD and experimental studies of wind turbines.