Mitochondrial DNA stress primes the antiviral innate immune response.
Mitochondrial DNA stress primes the antiviral innate immune response.
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DOI:
10.1038/nature14156
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发表时间:
2015-04-23
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Shadel, Gerald S.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
West, A. Phillip;Khoury-Hanold, William;Staron, Matthew;Tal, Michal C.;Pineda, Cristiana M.;Lang, Sabine M.;Bestwick, Megan;Duguay, Brett A.;Raimundo, Nuno;MacDuff, Donna A.;Kaech, Susan M.;Smiley, James R.;Means, Robert E.;Iwasaki, Akiko;Shadel, Gerald S.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is normally present at thousands of copies per cell and is packaged into several hundred higher-order structures termed nucleoids. The abundant mtDNA-binding protein, transcription factor A mitochondrial (TFAM), regulates nucleoid architecture, abundance, and segregation. Complete mtDNA depletion profoundly impairs oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), triggering calcium-dependent stress signaling and adaptive metabolic responses. However, the cellular responses to mtDNA instability, a physiologically relevant stress observed in many human diseases and aging, remain ill-defined. Here we show that moderate mtDNA stress elicited by TFAM deficiency engages cytosolic antiviral signaling to enhance the expression of a subset of interferon-stimulated genes (ISG). Mechanistically, we have found that aberrant mtDNA packaging promotes escape of mtDNA into the cytosol, where it engages the DNA sensor cGAS and promotes STING-IRF3-dependent signaling to elevate ISG expression, potentiate type I interferon responses, and confer broad viral resistance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that herpesviruses induce mtDNA stress, which potentiates antiviral signaling and type I interferon responses during infection. Our results further demonstrate that mitochondria are central participants in innate immunity, identify mtDNA stress as a cell-intrinsic trigger of antiviral signaling, and suggest that cellular monitoring of mtDNA homeostasis cooperates with canonical virus sensing mechanisms to fully license antiviral innate immunity.
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影响因子:
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作者:
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通讯作者:
Kaech SM
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DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1303275110
发表时间:
2013-08-20
影响因子:
11.1
作者:
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通讯作者:
Iwasaki, Akiko
影响因子:
5.4
作者:
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通讯作者:
Smiley, James R.