A metaphor in search of a source domain: The categories of Slavic aspect
A metaphor in search of a source domain: The categories of Slavic aspect
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寻找源域的隐喻：斯拉夫方面的范畴
DOI：
10.1515/cogl.2004.15.4.471
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Janda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Janda
摘要我认为，人类的物质经验提供了隐喻的源域，激发了俄语中的体语法范畴。这个模型是普遍的时间即空间隐喻的一个版本，根据这个隐喻，情境是物质实体，更具体地说，完美是离散的固体物体，而不完美是流体物质。离散的固体物体与流体物质的对比揭示了一系列丰富的十几种性质;在这些性质与俄语体的复杂用法之间观察到的同构是令人信服的。这个模型提出了一个更精细的阐述了俄罗斯方面比功能分析可以实现。虽然这些属性中的一些与通常与方面相关的计数与质量区别有很大的重叠，但这些属性提供了更多的细节，并将隐喻建立在具体经验的基础上。事物的属性可以分为三类：内在属性如边缘、形状和完整性（对应于内在的情境体）;插入属性如并列、动态和突显性（对应于体的话语现象）;人类插入属性如可把握性和影响力（对应于体的语用现象）。干扰和人为干扰的属性可以用来激发主观联想，而内在属性则是默认的动机。该模型将使用俄语数据进行详细演示，然后进行一项调查，将俄语与其他斯拉夫语言进行比较，这将表明偏差包括不执行给定属性，或执行固有（默认）属性，而不是插入或人类插入属性。这个模型将与一个非斯拉夫语言的选择简短的讨论。这个模型中的特定隐喻并不适用于斯拉夫语之外，但也许它会鼓励对其他语言中体的源域的研究。斯拉夫语言在名词个性化方面相对较重的形态投资与这种隐喻模式中呈现的情景个性化之间似乎存在相关性。
Abstract I propose that human experience of matter provides the source domain for the metaphor that motivates the grammatical category of aspect in Russian. This model is a version of the universal TIME IS SPACE metaphor, according to which SITUATIONS ARE MATERIAL ENTITIES, and, more specifically, PERFECTIVE IS A DISCRETE SOLID OBJECT versus IMPERFECTIVE IS A FLUID SUBSTANCE. The contrast of discrete solid objects with fluid substances reveals a rich array of over a dozen properties; the isomorphism observed between those properties and the complex uses of aspect in Russian is compelling. This model presents a more finely articulated account of Russian aspect than feature analysis can achieve. Although some of these properties overlap significantly with the count versus mass distinction often associated with aspect, the properties provide more detail and ground the metaphor to concrete experience. Properties of matter can be divided into three groups: inherent properties such as edges, shape, and integrity (which correspond to inherent situation aspect); interactional properties such as juxtaposition, dynamism, and salience (which correspond to discourse phenomena of aspect); and human interactional properties such as graspability and impact (which correspond to pragmatic phenomena of aspect). The interactional and human interactional properties can be used to motivate subjective construal, whereas the inherent properties serve as default motivators. The model will be demonstrated in detail using Russian data, followed by a survey comparing Russian with the other Slavic languages, which will show that deviations consist of either non-implementation of a given property, or the implementation of an inherent (default) property in place of an interactional or human interactional property. This model will be contrasted with a brief discussion of a selection of non-Slavic languages. The specific metaphor in this model does not apply beyond Slavic, but perhaps it will encourage investigation into the source domain of aspect in other languages. There appears to be a correlation between the relatively heavy morphological investment Slavic languages make in nominal individuation and the individuation of situations presented in this metaphorical model.