The emerging role of satellite rainfall data in improving the hydro-political situation of flood monitoring in the under-developed regions of the world
The emerging role of satellite rainfall data in improving the hydro-political situation of flood monitoring in the under-developed regions of the world
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DOI：
10.1007/s11069-006-9094-x
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wolf, Aaron
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hossain, Faisal;Katiyar, Nitin;Wolf, Aaron
水文测量原位网络的系统性下降已被认为是推进大中型流域水文监测的一个关键限制，特别是那些仪器仪表稀疏的流域。作为集体回应，水文界的各个部门最近建立了合作伙伴关系，利用过去二十年以来的技术进步，开发太空任务，以实现具有成本效益的全球性水文测量。在本文中，我们回顾了大中型未计量流域洪水监测的最新技术，其中卫星遥感可以促进建立具有成本效益的机制。我们在国际河流流域（IRB）易发洪水的发展中国家当前的洪水监测水文政治形势的背景下提出了我们的审查。鉴于此类流域数量众多且获取多方面地球物理数据的难度，我们认为，复杂且分布式的基于物理的水文模型的传统数据密集型实施对于对拟议的全球卫星水文任务的效用进行全球评估非常耗时。在此类任务开始执行之前，以牺牲准确度为代价，采取更节俭的方法是合理的。这种简约的方法随后可以激励已确定的国际流域在常规和详细的水文研究中投入更多的精力，以设计原型洪水预报系统，以克服洪水监测的水文政治障碍。通过涉及开放式分水岭概念的建模练习，我们展示了简约方法在理解 NASA 卫星降雨产品的效用方面的价值。现在至关重要的是，欠发达国家的实际洪水预报机构应主动与研究界合作，利用卫星降雨数据为 IRB 居民带来更大的社会效益。
The systematic decline of in situ networks for hydrologic measurements has been recognized as a crucial limitation to advancing hydrologic monitoring in medium to large basins, especially those that are already sparsely instrumented. As a collective response, sections of the hydrologic community have recently forged partnerships for the development of space-borne missions for cost-effective, yet global, hydrologic measurements by building upon the technological advancements since the last two decades. In this article, we review the state-of-the-art on flood monitoring in medium and large ungauged basins where satellite remote sensing can facilitate development of a cost-effective mechanism. We present our review in the context of the current hydro-political situation of flood monitoring in flood-prone developing nations situated in international river basins (IRBs). Given the large number of such basins and the difficulty in acquisition of multi-faceted geophysical data, we argue that the conventional data-intensive implementation of physically based hydrologic models that are complex and distributed is time-consuming for global assessment of the utility of proposed global satellite hydrologic missions. A more parsimonious approach is justified at the tolerable expense of accuracy before such missions begin operation. Such a parsimonious approach can subsequently motivate the identified international basins to invest greater effort in conventional and detailed hydrologic studies to design a prototype flood forecasting system in an effort to overcome the hydro-political hurdles to flood monitoring. Through a modeling exercise involving an open-book watershed concept, we demonstrate the value of a parsimonious approach in understanding the utility of NASA-derived satellite rainfall products. It is critical now that real-world operational flood forecasting agencies in the under-developed world come forward to collaborate with the research community in order to leverage satellite rainfall data for greater societal benefit for inhabitants in IRBs.