Direct measurement of cell protrusion force utilizing a robot-aided cell manipulation system with optical tweezers for cell migration control
Direct measurement of cell protrusion force utilizing a robot-aided cell manipulation system with optical tweezers for cell migration control
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/0278364914546536
复制
发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Sun, Dong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gou, Xue;Yang, Hao;Sun, Dong
细胞迁移是指细胞响应于化学引诱物梯度的定向运动，这是发生在各种生物现象中的关键过程。细胞突起力是由细胞的肌动蛋白聚合产生的，其驱动细胞在化学引诱物梯度的诱导下向刺激物移动。本文提出了一种利用机器人辅助光镊系统直接测量细胞突起力的新方法。被机器人捕获并放置在细胞附近的功能化珠充当细胞迁移刺激剂和突出力探针。当细胞与珠子接触时，由细胞的肌动蛋白聚合产生的力推动珠子远离捕获中心。可以确定这种偏差并用于计算捕获力，该捕获力等于平衡位置处的突出力。随着突起的定量测量，我们发现活细胞响应于化学引诱物的突起力在数百微微牛顿的范围内。我们进一步探讨了细胞前缘的突出力分布，发现最大突出力出现在细胞迁移方向。这些测量可以帮助我们表征细胞迁移的机制，并为进一步主动控制细胞运动奠定坚实的基础。
Cell migration refers to the directional cell movement in response to a chemoattractant gradient, a key process that occurs in a wide variety of biological phenomena. Cell protrusion force is generated by the actin polymerization of a cell, which drives the cell to move toward the stimulus as induced by the chemoattractant gradient. This paper presents a new methodology for the direct measurement of cell protrusion force utilizing a robot-aided optical tweezer system. The functionalized beads that are robotically trapped and placed near the cell serve as both cell migration stimulators and protrusion force probes. The force generated by the actin polymerization of the cell propels the bead to move away from the trapping center when the cell comes in contact with the bead. Such a deviation can be determined and used to calculate the trapping force, which is equal to the protrusion force at a balanced position. With the quantitative measurement of the protrusion, we find that the protrusion force of a live cell in response to a chemoattractant within the range of hundreds of piconewtons. We further probe the protrusion force distribution at the cell leading edge and find that the highest protrusion force appears at the cell migration direction. These measurements can help us characterize the mechanism of cell migration and lay a solid foundation for further proactive control of cell movement.