Dissecting miRNA facilitated physiology and function in human breast cancer for therapeutic intervention
Dissecting miRNA facilitated physiology and function in human breast cancer for therapeutic intervention
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DOI：
10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.017
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发表时间：
2021-05-17
影响因子：
14.5
通讯作者：
Patra, Samir Kumar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sengupta, Dipta;Deb, Moonmoon;Patra, Samir Kumar
MicroRNA (miRNA) 是动植物生物过程的关键表观基因组调节因子。这些小的非编码 RNA 形成了调节细胞功能和发育的复杂网络。 miRNA 通过失活或诱导 mRNA 降解来阻止翻译，这是转录后基因调控的一个主要问题。在癌症中经常观察到 miRNA 对基因表达的异常调节。尽管据报道 miRNA 表达的总体下调是癌症的一个标志，但各种“oncomiR”的过度表达和肿瘤抑制 miRNA 的沉默与各种类型的人类癌症相关。通过改变与 miRNA 机制的生物发生相关的遗传和表观遗传因素来调节细胞 miRNA 的总量。它还取决于影响肿瘤发生和癌症进展的细胞器中储存的细胞 miRNA 的可用性。在这里，我们剖析了各种 miRNA 在正常细胞和分子功能以及乳腺癌进展过程中的作用和途径。最近的研究工作和流行观点表明 miRNA 有两种主要类型： (i) 细胞内 miRNA 和 (ii) 细胞外 miRNA。概念是，细胞内 miRNA 的功能是由哺乳动物细胞中的细胞器驱动的。细胞外 miRNA 在细胞外空间的细胞间通讯中发挥作用，并通过循环疏远细胞。详细了解细胞器驱动的 miRNA 功能、细胞外 miRNA 的精确作用、miRNA 在这种情况下的治疗前和治疗后影响，将为进一步了解 miRNA 功能开辟多种途径，并可以更好地用于乳腺癌的治疗。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key epigenomic regulators of biological processes in animals and plants. These small non coding RNAs form a complex networks that regulate cellular function and development. MiRNAs prevent translation by either inactivation or inducing degradation of mRNA, a major concern in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Aberrant regulation of gene expression by miRNAs is frequently observed in cancer. Overexpression of various 'oncomiRs' and silencing of tumor suppressor miRNAs are associated with various types of human cancers, although overall downregulation of miRNA expression is reported as a hallmark of cancer. Modulations of the total pool of cellular miRNA by alteration in genetic and epigenetic factors associated with the biogenesis of miRNA machinery. It also depends on the availability of cellular miRNAs from its store in the organelles which affect tumor development and cancer progression. Here, we have dissected the roles and pathways of various miRNAs during normal cellular and molecular functions as well as during breast cancer progression. Recent research works and prevailing views implicate that there are two major types of miRNAs; (i) intracellular miRNAs and (ii) extracellular miRNAs. Concept, that the functions of intracellular miRNAs are driven by cellular organelles in mammalian cells. Extracellular miRNAs function in cell-cell communication in extracellular spaces and distance cells through circulation. A detailed understanding of organelle driven miRNA function and the precise role of extracellular miRNAs, pre- and post-therapeutic implications of miRNAs in this scenario would open several avenues for further understanding of miRNA function and can be better exploited for the treatment of breast cancers.