Stepping forward from relevance in mycorrhizal ecology
Stepping forward from relevance in mycorrhizal ecology
复制标题
从菌根生态学的相关性向前迈进
DOI：
10.1111/nph.16432
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
Peay, Kabir G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Smith, Gabriel R.;Peay, Kabir G.
在过去的十年里，根据植物根部的菌根真菌对植物进行分类，使我们能够将植物生命隐藏在地下的复杂性分解为一个简单的，有时甚至是二元变量。大多数植物现在被分类为主要与外生菌根或丛枝菌根真菌相关联，以促进土壤养分吸收（Brundrett & Tedersoo，2018;但参见Bundreo等人，2019年）。植物的菌根“类型”预测其土壤环境的碳（C）和氮（N）储量（Averill等人，2014; Cotrufo等人，2019），其对全球变化压力的反应（Terrer et al.，2016; Averill等人，2018），甚至其全球地理学（Steidinger等人，2019年）。菌根真菌不再像曾经建议的那样（Read & Perez-Moreno，2003）与更广泛的生态系统科学和地球化学相关-它们已经到来。即将到来的菌根生态学时代及其从相关性向前发展的道路不应该建立在植物和真菌的二元性之上，而应该建立在连续体和群落之上。外生菌根和丛枝菌根相关植物和生态系统之间的生物地球化学差异，例如前者具有较高的土壤C：N比（Averill et al.，2014）和更强的二氧化碳（CO2）施肥反应（Terrer等人，2016）比后者，通常归因于外生菌根和丛枝菌根真菌之间的生理差异。事实上，外生菌根真菌通常比丛枝菌根真菌更有效地从土壤中吸收有机养分，这可以影响整个生态系统的元素循环（Orwin等人，2011;菲利普斯等人，2013年）。但是，如果外生菌根和丛枝菌根植物和真菌之间的性状差异可以导致生态系统功能的分歧，那么有意义的变化发生的规模，无论是在群体之间还是群体内部，都可能影响这种模式出现的规模。合理的简化给我们带来了相关性，但对其加以完善可能因此提供更大的效用。在这一期的《新植物学家》杂志上，费尔南德斯等人。(2020; pp.第569-582章让我们好好想想Gadgil效应，即外生菌根真菌对资源的吸收，特别是对有机氮的吸收，通过饥饿的自由生活腐养生物减缓了凋落物的分解
Over the past decade, categorizing plants by the mycorrhizal fungi on their roots has allowed us to collapse the complexity of plant life’s hidden, belowground half into a simple, sometimes even binary variable. Most plants are now being classified as associating primarily with ectomycorrhizal or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to facilitate soil nutrient uptake (Brundrett & Tedersoo, 2018; but see Bueno et al., 2019). A plant’s mycorrhizal ‘type’predicts its soil environment’s carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks (Averill et al., 2014; Cotrufo et al., 2019), its response to global change pressures (Terrer et al., 2016; Averill et al., 2018), and even its global biogeography (Steidinger et al., 2019). Mycorrhizal fungi are no longer journeying towards relevance to broader ecosystem science and biogeochemistry, as once suggested (Read & Perez-Moreno, 2003)–they have arrived.‘... the coming era of mycorrhizal ecology and its path forward from relevance ought to be built not upon plant and fungal binaries, but upon continua and communities.’Biogeochemical differences between ectomycorrhizal-and arbuscular mycorrhizal-associated plants and ecosystems, for example that the former have higher soil C: N ratios (Averill et al., 2014) and a stronger carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization response (Terrer et al., 2016) than the latter, are often attributed to physiological differences between ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Indeed, ectomycorrhizal fungi generally take up organic nutrients from soil more effectively than arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi do, which can affect whole-ecosystem elemental cycling (Orwin et al., 2011; Phillips et al., 2013). But if trait differences between ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal plants and fungi can cause ecosystem function to diverge, then the scale at which meaningful variation occurs, whether between or within groups, could affect the scale at which such patterns emerge. A reasonable simplification has brought us relevance, but refinement thereof might thus offer even greater utility. In this issue of New Phytologist, Fernandez et al.(2020; pp. 569–582) invite us to expand our thinking. The Gadgil effect, where resource uptake, especially of organic N, by ectomycorrhizal fungi slows litter decomposition by starving free-living saprotrophs