Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high‐latitude net ecosystem carbon budget-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.1111/gcb.16553

发表时间：

2023-01

期刊：

Global Change Biology

影响因子：

11.6

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

环境科学与生态学1区

文献类型：

作者：

J. Watts;M. Farina;J. Kimball;L. Schiferl;Zhihua Liu;K. Arndt;D. Zona;A. Ballantyne;E. Euskirchen;F. Parmentier;M. Helbig;O. Sonnentag;T. Tagesson;J. Rinne;H. Ikawa;M. Ueyama;Hideki Kobayashi;T. Sachs;D. Nadeau;J. Kochendorfer;M. Jackowicz-Korczynski;Anna‐Maria Virkkala;M. Aurela;R. Commane;B. Byrne;L. Birch;Matthew S. Johnson;N. Madani;B. Rogers;Jinyang Du;Arthur Endsley;K. Savage;B. Poulter;Zhen Zhang;L. Bruhwiler;C. Miller;S. Goetz;W. Oechel

北极寒带景观正在经历深刻的变暖，同时生态系统湿度状况发生变化，并受到火灾的干扰。该地区在碳对气候的反馈方面具有全球重要性，但近年来北极-北方碳预算的迹象（汇或源）和规模仍然高度不确定。在这里，我们使用北方生态系统卫星数据驱动的过程模型（TCFM-Arctic）提供了最近（2003-2015）植被总初级生产力（GPP）、生态系统呼吸（Reco）、净生态系统二氧化碳交换（NEE；Reco - GPP）和陆地甲烷（CH4）排放的新估计，并使用来自超过60个塔涡流协方差（EC）站点的测量数据进行了校准和评估。我们使用 TCFM-Arctic 来获取泛北极-北方地区的每日 1-km2 通量估算值和年度碳预算。在整个领域，该模型表明整体平均 NEE 汇为 -850 Tg CO2-Cyear−1。欧亚北方地区，特别是西伯利亚地区，贡献了大部分净汇。相比之下，苔原生物群落相对碳中性（从小汇到源头）。苔原和北方湿地的区域 CH4 排放量（不考虑水生 CH4）估计为 35 Tg CH4-C 年−1。考虑到来自开放水域水体和火灾的额外排放，利用文献中的现有估计，区域NEE汇总量减少了21%，并将许多远北苔原景观和一些北方森林转变为净碳源。这项基于实地观测和模型的评估提高了我们对高纬度碳状况的了解，也表明继续需要进行综合站点到区域评估，以监测这些生态系统对气候变化的脆弱性。

Arctic‐boreal landscapes are experiencing profound warming, along with changes in ecosystem moisture status and disturbance from fire. This region is of global importance in terms of carbon feedbacks to climate, yet the sign (sink or source) and magnitude of the Arctic‐boreal carbon budget within recent years remains highly uncertain. Here, we provide new estimates of recent (2003–2015) vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco), net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE; Reco − GPP), and terrestrial methane (CH4) emissions for the Arctic‐boreal zone using a satellite data‐driven process‐model for northern ecosystems (TCFM‐Arctic), calibrated and evaluated using measurements from >60 tower eddy covariance (EC) sites. We used TCFM‐Arctic to obtain daily 1‐km2 flux estimates and annual carbon budgets for the pan‐Arctic‐boreal region. Across the domain, the model indicated an overall average NEE sink of −850 Tg CO2‐C year−1. Eurasian boreal zones, especially those in Siberia, contributed to a majority of the net sink. In contrast, the tundra biome was relatively carbon neutral (ranging from small sink to source). Regional CH4 emissions from tundra and boreal wetlands (not accounting for aquatic CH4) were estimated at 35 Tg CH4‐C year−1. Accounting for additional emissions from open water aquatic bodies and from fire, using available estimates from the literature, reduced the total regional NEE sink by 21% and shifted many far northern tundra landscapes, and some boreal forests, to a net carbon source. This assessment, based on in situ observations and models, improves our understanding of the high‐latitude carbon status and also indicates a continued need for integrated site‐to‐regional assessments to monitor the vulnerability of these ecosystems to climate change.

Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high‐latitude net ecosystem carbon budget

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