Context processing in older adults: Evidence for a theory relating cognitive control to neurobiology in healthy aging
Context processing in older adults: Evidence for a theory relating cognitive control to neurobiology in healthy aging
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DOI：
10.1037//0096-3445.130.4.746
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发表时间：
2001-12-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Reed, BR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Braver, TS;Barch, DM;Reed, BR
认知老化的理论中，健康的老年人被假设为患有干扰的情况下，损害认知控制功能的多个领域，包括注意力，抑制和工作记忆的处理。这些认知障碍被认为与年龄相关的前额叶皮层（PFC）多巴胺（DA）系统功能下降直接相关。一个连接主义的计算模型，实现了DA和PFC在上下文处理中的作用的具体机制。该模型的行为预测进行了测试，在一个大样本的老年人（N = 81）和年轻人（N = 175）成年人执行一个简单的认知控制任务，把不同的要求上下文处理的变体。老年人表现出的性能递减和，违反直觉，性能改善，与模型预测的密切一致。
A theory of cognitive aging is presented in which healthy older adults are hypothesized to suffer from disturbances in the processing of context that impair cognitive control function across multiple domains, including attention, inhibition, and working memory. These cognitive disturbances are postulated to be directly related to age-related decline in the function of the dopamine (DA) system in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). A connectionist computational model is described that implements specific mechanisms for the role of DA and PFC in context processing. The behavioral predictions of the model were tested in a large sample of older (N = 81) and young (N = 175) adults performing variants of a simple cognitive control task that placed differential demands on context processing. Older adults exhibited both performance decrements and, counterintuitively, performance improvements that are in close agreement with model predictions.