Soft-riser bench terrace design for the hilly loess region of Shaanxi Province, China
Soft-riser bench terrace design for the hilly loess region of Shaanxi Province, China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.07.004
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发表时间：
2007-03
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Shixiong Cao;Li Chen;Q. Feng;Zhande Liu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shixiong Cao;Li Chen;Q. Feng;Zhande Liu
山坡田改造梯田被视为山区水土保持的关键技术之一。在超过 75° 的斜坡上，传统的梯田技术很难应用，因为梯田立面（即后坡）如果不加固，会非常陡峭，仅在重力作用下就会倒塌，从而损坏梯田。为了改进山坡地梯田改造，1997年至2001年在中国陕西省延安市下壁沟流域进行了软梯田梯田工程的整体技术试验，包括在梯田梯田植被恢复和种植草。采用“与自然合作”的工程方法，采用与现有35°坡度类似的45°梯田立管坡度，从根本上减少重力侵蚀。基于生物多样性理念和景观生态学原理，在梯田、堤岸和立面上种植乔木、灌木、饲草和农作物，形成多样化的植物、半森林区和稳定梯田堤岸和立面。软立管台阶梯田设计可以显着减少重力侵蚀带来的危害，并将单个梯田立管建造和维护成本分别降低至传统技术成本的73.93%和49.68%。这种结构可以丰富和集中梯田堤岸和立管土壤中的养分，为各种植物的生长和发育提供理想的环境。露台立管可以种植从饲草到树木的抗旱植物。这种梯田立管植被将把传统技术下暴露的梯田堤岸和立管变成植物覆盖带，装饰农田的绿色丝带，并有助于增强景观的生物性。
Reconfiguration of hillside fields into terraces is regarded as one of the key techniques for water and soil conservation in mountainous regions. On slopes exceeding 75°, traditional techniques of terracing are difficult to apply as terrace risers (i.e. backslopes), if not reinforced, are so abrupt that they collapse under gravity alone, thus damaging the terrace. To improve reconfiguring of hillside fields into terraces, holistic techniques of soft-riser bench terrace engineering, including revegetation with trees and planting of grasses on terrace riser slopes, were tested between 1997 and 2001 in Xiabiabgou watershed, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China. A “working with nature” engineering approach was employed, terrace riser slopes of 45°, similar to the pre-existing slope of 35°, were employed to reduce gravity erosion radically. Based on concepts of biodiversity and principles of landscape ecology, terrace benches, bunds and risers were planted with trees, shrubs, forage grasses, and crops, serving to generate a diverse array of plants, a semi-forested area and to stabilize terrace bunds and risers. Soft-riser bench terrace design made it possible to reduce hazards arising from gravity erosion significantly, and reduce the costs of individual terrace riser construction and maintenance to 73.93% and 49.68%, respectively, of costs under traditional techniques. Such a construction allowed an enrichment and concentration of nutrients in the soil of the terrace bunds and risers, providing an ideal environment for a range of plants to grow and develop. The terrace riser can be planted with a drought-resistant plants ranging from forage grasses to trees. This terrace riser vegetation will turn the exposed terrace bunds and risers existing under traditional techniques into plant-covered belts, great green ribbons decorating the farmland, and contributing to the enhancement of the landscape's biology.