TOWARDS AN EMPIRICAL CALCULUS OF REINFORCEMENT VALUE.
TOWARDS AN EMPIRICAL CALCULUS OF REINFORCEMENT VALUE.
复制标题
强化值的实证计算。
DOI：
10.1901/jeab.1963.6-525
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发表时间：
1963
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
T. Verhave
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Verhave
只有两个键中的一个用食物来加强主题。该键可以采用两种颜色中的一种，每种颜色与用于获得强化的不同固定比率时间表相关联。第二个键的功能是允许动物从长时间表切换到短时间表。如果比率表之间的差异足够大，则可以证明对较短时间表的偏好。偏好的定量指数如下：每次动物切换到较短的时间表，产生下一个开关所需的啄次数增加。随着切换键上的“赌注”增加，两个比率表之间的有效差异减小。在每次食物强化之后，当鸟暴露于选择情境时，鸟再次切换之前需要更长的时间。这是用来“滴定”鸟的偏好。如果它在x秒内没有切换，则切换键的递增比率表将减小。一个特定的值，在一个相当具体的数量的反应，鸟解决在选择键，获得。该均衡被用作因变量。它是一个函数的几个变量进行了探讨。
Only one of two keys reinforces the subject with food. This key can assume one of two colors, each associated with a different fixed-ratio schedule for obtaining reinforcement. The function of the second key is to permit the animal to switch from the long schedule to the short schedule. If the difference between the ratio schedules is large enough, a preference for the shorter schedule is demonstrable. A quantitative index of preference is obtained as follows: each time the animal switches to the shorter schedule, the number of pecks required to produce the next switch is increased. As the "ante" on the switching key increases, the effective difference between the two ratio schedules decreases. After each food reinforcement, when the bird is exposed to the choice-situation, it takes longer before the bird switches again. This is used to "titrate" the bird's preference. If it does not switch within x sec, the progressively increasing ratio schedule of the switching key is decreased. A specific value, in terms of a rather specific number of responses the bird settles at on the choice key, is obtained. This equilibrium is employed as a dependent variable. Several variables of which it is a function are explored.