WHEN LIFE GOT SMART: THE EVOLUTION OF BEHAVIORAL COMPLEXITY THROUGH THE EDIACARAN AND EARLY CAMBRIAN OF NW CANADA
WHEN LIFE GOT SMART: THE EVOLUTION OF BEHAVIORAL COMPLEXITY THROUGH THE EDIACARAN AND EARLY CAMBRIAN OF NW CANADA
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DOI：
10.1666/13-066
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Narbonne, Guy M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carbone, Calla;Narbonne, Guy M.
加拿大西北部的埃迪卡拉纪和早寒武世地层中含有丰富的遗迹化石，记录了早期动物进化中复杂行为的渐进发展。可识别五个摄食组：微生物放牧、沉积物摄食、沉积物摄食/捕食、过滤摄食/捕食以及节肢动物足迹和踪迹。较低的蓝花组(约560-550 Ma)含有丰富的洞穴，完全覆盖了层理表面，具有小的(直径约1毫米)圆柱形洞穴，严格限制在微生物层理表面，仅表现出原始的和不一致的回避策略。上面的蓝花有三维的回避洞穴和罕见的滤食性或可能的捕食性洞穴，这表明在食物采集中行为反应增加，这标志着底物利用的农学革命的开始。英格塔组的寒武纪地层包含系统的曲折洞穴和更多样化的觅食策略，包括可能反映捕食的海龙探查洞穴的开始。这些观察表明，埃迪卡拉洞穴动物的主要特征是原始的二维回避弯道，代表了个体洞穴动物对感官信息的简单行为反应，随后通过基因编程的搜索路径发展出更多样化和复杂的觅食模式，发生在寒武纪大爆发的早期阶段。这些观察结果进一步表明，从元古界草甸地到显生宙混合地的生态过渡过程中，食物来源和底物都发生了变化。
Ediacaran and early Cambrian strata in NW Canada contain abundant trace fossils that record the progressive development of complex behavior in early animal evolution. Five feeding groups can be recognized: microbial grazing, deposit-feeding, deposit-feeding/predatory, filter-feeding/predatory, and arthropod tracks and trails. The lower Blueflower Formation (ca. 560-550 Ma) contains abundant burrows that completely cover bedding surfaces with small (similar to 1 mm diameter) cylindrical burrows that were strictly restricted to microbial bedding surfaces and exhibited only primitive and inconsistent avoidance strategies. The upper Blueflower contains three-dimensional avoidance burrows and rare filter-feeding or possibly predatory burrows, suggesting increased behavioral responses in food gathering that marked the beginning of the agronomic revolution in substrate utilization. Cambrian strata of the Ingta Formation contain systematically meandering burrows and more diverse feeding strategies, including the onset of treptichnid probing burrows that may reflect predation. These observations imply that Ediacaran burrowers were largely characterized by crude, two-dimensional avoidance meanders that represented simple behavioral responses of individual burrowers to sensory information, and that the subsequent development of more diverse and complex feeding patterns with genetically programmed search pathways occurred during the earliest stages of the Cambrian explosion. These observations further imply that changes occurred in both the food source and substrate during the ecological transition from Proterozoic matgrounds to Phanerozoic mixgrounds.