People and eyes: statistical approaches in ophthalmology
People and eyes: statistical approaches in ophthalmology
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DOI：
10.1136/bjo.82.8.971
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发表时间：
1998-08-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Cousens, SN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Murdoch, IE;Morris, SS;Cousens, SN
眼科的临床或流行病学研究通常涉及对眼睛进行各种临床体征或测量的检查。然而，与心脏病学、肝病学或许多其他临床专业不同的是，个人有两只眼睛。此外，与肾脏或肺不同，双眼易于评估，并且经常进行评估。在某些情况下，研究中的许多参与者可能会拒绝对双眼进行完整评估，或者由于其他原因，一只眼睛的数据可能无法获得，从而导致数据集的信息对于某些人来说是一只眼睛，而对于其他人来说是两只眼睛。如果同一个人的两只眼睛都有信息，左眼的发现通常可能与同一个人右眼的发现比不同个体另一只眼睛的发现更相似。这是因为许多因素，包括环境和遗传因素，在个体水平上起作用，从而对双眼出现的发现的概率产生影响。然而，很明显，右眼的给定发现预测左眼相同发现的概率的程度在不同条件下有很大差异。有些情况通常只发生在一只眼睛中。这可能是因为这种疾病很罕见。脉络膜黑色素瘤就是一个例子，99%的病例只发生在一只眼睛里。1其他例子是免疫功能正常或严重眼外伤的角膜单纯疱疹感染（98%病例2）。
Clinical or epidemiological studies in ophthalmology generally involve the examination of eyes for a variety of clinical signs or measurements. Unlike cardiology, hepatology, or many other clinical specialties, however, individuals have two eyes. In addition, unlike kidneys or lungs, both eyes are easily accessible for assessment and are frequently both assessed. In some instances a number of participants in a study may refuse complete assessment in both eyes, or the data from one eye may be unavailable for other reasons, resulting in data sets with information on one eye for some individuals and on two eyes for others. If information is available on both eyes of the same individual, the findings in the left eye are generally likely to be more similar to those in the right eye of the same individual than to those in another eye from a diVerent individual. This is because a multitude of factors, including environmental and genetic factors, act at the level of the individual and thus have an impact on the probability of the finding occurring in both eyes.Clearly, however, the degree to which a given finding in the right eye predicts the probability of the same finding in the left eye varies considerably for diVerent conditions. Some conditions characteristically only ever occur in one eye. This may be because the disease is rare. An example of this is choroidal melanoma which occurs in only one eye in 99% of cases. 1 Other examples are corneal herpes simplex infection in the immunocompetent or severe ocular trauma (98% cases2).