DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY, SEXUAL SELECTION AND SPECIATION
DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY, SEXUAL SELECTION AND SPECIATION
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1420-9101.1993.6040493.x
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发表时间：
1993-09-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
MOLLER, AP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MOLLER, AP
波动性不对称发生在个体不能在身体两侧经历相同的发展时，否则两侧对称的特征。由于双侧对称性状的两侧都是单一基因组作用的结果，波动的不对称性代表了发育对压力敏感性的表观遗传测量。不同的形态特征可能表现出它们的功能重要性和它们的发育渠化程度之间的直接关系。这也许可以解释为什么有些字符显示高度波动的不对称性，以及为什么这些字符更经常成为夸张的第二性装饰品。在生活在新环境中的小的边缘种群中，波动的不对称程度通常较大，这将特别导致在发育渠道化程度最低的性状中相对较大的不对称程度。对边缘群体中杂合子进行更严格的选择可能会进一步破坏发育稳定性和连锁群，从而导致遗传变异增加。雌性可能更喜欢与具有大的但相对对称的形态特征的雄性交配，因为它更难形成大的特征（一个好的基因论据），大的特征更容易被感知（感官偏好），并且因为对称性信号能够科普压力（一个好的基因论据）。在小的边缘种群中，第二性征的发育稳定性程度低，遗传变异量大，这可能为边缘种群中的分化和物种形成的快速发展创造条件。
Fluctuating asymmetry occurs when an individual is unable to undergo identical development of an otherwise bilaterally symmetric trait on both sides of its body. Since both sides of a bilaterally symmetric trait are the result of the actions of a single genome, fluctuating asymmetry represents an epigenetic measure of the sensitivity of development to stress. Different morphological traits may show a direct relationship between their functional importance and their degree of developmental canalization. This may explain why some characters show high degrees of fluctuating asymmetry, and why these characters more often become exaggerated secondary sexual ornaments. The degree of fluctuating asymmetry is generally larger in small marginal populations living in novel environments, and this will particularly lead to relatively large degrees of asymmetry in the least developmentally canalized traits. More stringent selection against heterozygotes in marginal populations may further break down developmental stability and linkage groups which would lead to increased genetic variance. Females may prefer to mate with males having large, but relatively symmetric morphological characters, because it is more difficult to make large traits (a good genes argument), a large trait is more easily perceived (a sensory bias preference), and because symmetry signals ability to cope with stress (a good genes argument). The low degree of developmental stability and the large amount of genetic variance in secondary sexual characters in small, marginal populations could set the scene for rapid development of divergence and speciation in marginal populations.