Morel Production Related to Soil Microbial Diversity and Evenness.
Morel Production Related to Soil Microbial Diversity and Evenness.
复制标题
羊肚菌产量与土壤微生物多样性和均匀度相关
DOI：
10.1128/spectrum.00229-21
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发表时间：
2021-10-31
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Peng W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tan H;Liu T;Yu Y;Tang J;Jiang L;Martin FM;Peng W
黑羊肚菌是一种广受欢迎的子囊菌，具有烹饪价值。它曾经是不可耕种的，但现在可以在普通农田土壤中常规种植。大规模羊肚菌养殖有时会因为未知的原因而不结果实。2020年春，成都平原地区的许多羊肚菌养殖场中国根本没有结果，给农民造成了灾难性的经济损失。为了确定与这些农场羊肚菌生产表现不同有关的潜在生态因素，对21个受影响地点和11个正常结果地点进行了分析，以比较土壤微生物区系和果实形成过程中的理化特征。结果表明，土壤理化性质不太可能是造成结果成功与不结果差异的主要原因。结实成功的土壤真菌和细菌群落的多样性均显著高于未结实的土壤。毛霉产量与真菌群落的α多样性呈正相关。成功结实的土壤具有较高的多样性是由群落均匀度贡献的，而不是分类丰富度的贡献。相反，在真菌群落中，大多数非结实土壤以某种真菌属的高比例为主，典型的是顶顶菌或被孢霉。我们的发现证明了微生物生态学对大规模土壤栽培蘑菇农用工业的重要性。重要性土壤中培养的腐生菌受到土壤微生物群落的复杂影响。对种植食用菌的研究揭示了真菌与真菌圈中几种促进生长的细菌之间的联系。整个微生物群落的组成和多样性也可能对土壤腐殖型蘑菇的生长和产量产生影响。羊肚菌(Morchella spp.)具有重要的经济和文化意义，在世界各地广受珍视。本研究以规模化养殖羊肚菌为例，建立了土壤-腐殖型蘑菇种植的农业生态系统。它展示了土壤农业生态系统中的微生物生态，特别是土壤真菌类群之间的α多样性水平和群落均匀度如何影响高价值经济作物的生产和农民的收入的典型模式。
Black morel is a widely prized ascomycetous mushroom with culinary value. It was once uncultivable but can now be cultivated routinely in ordinary farmland soils. Large-scale morel farming sometimes encounters nonfructification for unknown reasons. In spring 2020, many morel farms in the area of Chengdu-Plain, China, exhibited no fructification at all, causing disastrous economic loss to the farmers. To determine potential ecological factors associated with the different performance of morel production in these farms, 21 affected sites versus 11 sites with normal fructification performance were analyzed to compare soil microbiota and physiochemical characteristics during fructification. The results indicated that soil physiochemical characteristics were unlikely to be a major reason for the difference between successful fructification and nonfructification. The soils with successful fructification had significantly higher diversity in both the fungal and bacterial communities than those with nonfructification. Morel yield was positively correlated with the α-diversity of fungal communities. The higher diversity of the successfully fructified soils was contributed by community evenness rather than taxonomic richness. In contrast, most nonfructification soils were dominated by a high proportion of a certain fungal genus, typically Acremonium or Mortierella, in the fungal communities. Our findings demonstrate the importance of microbial ecology to the large-scale agroindustry of soil-cultivated mushrooms. IMPORTANCE Saprotrophic mushrooms cultivated in soils are subject to complex influences from soil microbial communities. Research on growing edible mushrooms has revealed connections between fungi and a few species of growth-promoting bacteria colonizing the mycosphere. The composition and diversity of the whole microbial community may also have an influence on the growth and production of soil-saprotrophic mushrooms. Morel mushrooms (Morchella spp.) are economically and culturally important and are widely prized throughout the world. This study used the large-scale farming of morels as an example of an agroecosystem for soil-saprotrophic mushroom cultivation. It demonstrated a typical pattern of how the microbial ecology in soil agroecosystems, especially the α-diversity level and community evenness among soil fungal taxa, could affect the production of high-value cash crops and the income of farmers.