陸水のNa, Cl及びNa/Clに就て
陸水のNa, Cl及びNa/Clに就て
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关于陆地水中的Na、Cl和Na/Cl
DOI：
10.3739/rikusui.22.49
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发表时间：
1961
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
健介 菅原
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
健介 菅原
1、鉴于降水是内陆水域盐分的主要来源，通过对海水和雨雪主要盐分成分进行比较，探讨两类不同水类相对组成差异的原因。2．下一步是对雨雪和内陆水域进行比较，从而明确导致内陆水域Na、Cl浓度和Na/Cl比值与雨雪中Na、Cl浓度偏差的可能因素。作为这些因素，考虑了风载盐的溶解、岩石和土壤材料的侵蚀、矿泉水和温泉水的添加、农业使用的氯化物肥料、家庭生活中的氯化钠废物（包括排泄物）、矿山中含有的钠和氯化物以及其他工业废物。气候因素也需要考虑，其中区域气温的年平均值对于蒸发和土壤侵蚀尤其重要。此外，年降水量也是基本因素之一。 3．利用现有数据估算了其中一些因素对日本内陆水域的影响程度。雨雪数据来自作者自己的实验室，河水数据来自J.KOBAYASHI，地下水数据来自名古屋大学地球科学研究所S.OANA实验室。4．结论是：a）。与面向太平洋的海域相比，面向日本海的海域富含Na和Cl，且Na/Cl较低。来自西伯利亚气团的强烈冬季季风将日本海的海浪输送到面向该海的地区，在那里海浪以雪和雨的形式落下。b)。从地质上来说，日本内陆水域可分为火山物质类型、花岗岩物质类型和沉积岩类型三种基本类型。日本最北岛屿北海道和日本本州最北地区东北地区的水域代表火山物质类型，其特点是Na、Mg、Cl、SO4和SiO2含量高，Na/Cl含量低。日本四大岛屿中最南端的九州地区的水域也属于火山物质类型。然而，这些水域的特点是氯化物富集度较低，Na/Cl 较高。本州西南部中国地区的水域以花岗岩为主，代表了以低盐度为特征的花岗岩材料类型。很明显，花岗岩类型的岩石比其他类型的岩石（例如沉积岩或火山岩）的溶解度较小。沉积岩类型的水的特征是富含钙。没有足够大的方解石区域来形成代表此类水的特殊区域。邻近东京的关东地区水域具有火山岩和沉积岩两种水体的复合性质。5．最后，对世界范围内内陆水域的 Na/Cl 比值进行了审查，并对一些南极水域和死海的水 Na/Cl 异常低的情况给出了解释。
1. In view of the fact that precipitation constitutes the primary source of the salt of inland waters, comparison was made between sea water and rain and snow for major salt components in order to discuss the cause of difference in relative composition between these two different categories of water.2. The next step was to compare rain and snow, and inland waters, whereby possible factors contributing to the deviation of the concentrations of Na and Cl and the ratio Na/Cl in inland waters from those in rain and snow were made clear. As such factors, dissolution of windborne salt, erosion of rock and soil materials, addition of mineral and thermal spring waters, agriculturally used chloride manure, sodium chloride waste from domestic life including excreta, sodium and chloride contained in mine and other industrial wastes were considered. Climatic factors were also to be considered, and among them annual averages of regional temperatures are especially important in relation to evaporation and soil erosion. Furthermore, annual precipitation is one of the fundamental factors.3. The magnitude of contribution by some of these factors to the Japanese inland waters was estimated by using the data available. The data for rain and snow were from the author's own laboratory, those for river waters from J. KOBAYASHI and those for ground water from S. OANA'S laboratory, Institute of Earth Sciences, Nagoya University.4. The conclusion is : a). In comparison with the waters in the regions facing the Pacific Ocean, those in the regions facing the the Japan Sea are enriched by Na and Cl with a low Na/Cl. The strong winter monsoon from Siberian air mass transports sea spray from the Japan Sea into the regions facing that sea, where the spray falls down in the forms of snow and rain.b). Geologically speaking, the Japanese inland waters are categorized into three fundamental types : volcanic material type, granitic material type and sedimentary rock type.The waters of Hokkaido, the northernmost island, and the Tohoku District, the northernmost region of Honshu, the Main Island of Japan, represent the volcanic material type and are characterized by high contents in Na, Mg, Cl, SO4and SiO2 with a low Na/Cl. The waters of the Kyushu District, the southernmost among the four large islands constituting Japan, are also of volcanic material type. The waters, however, are characterized by less enrichment of chloride with a higher Na/Cl.The waters of the Chugoku District, the southwestern part of Honshu, where granite is dominant, represent the granitic material type characterized by a low salinity. It is evident that rocks of granite type are less soluble than other types of rocks such as sedimentary or volcanic.The characteristic of sedimentary rock type water is richness in Ca. There is no calcite area extensive enough to form a special district representing this type of water. The waters of the Kanto District with Tokyo on its verge are of composite nature of two water types, volcanic and sedimentary rock.5. Finally, the ratio Na/Cl of inland waters was reviewed world-wide, and explanations were given to unusually low Na/Cl for some Antarctic waters and the water of the Dead Sea.