Mammalian ion-coupled solute transporters.
Mammalian ion-coupled solute transporters.
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哺乳动物离子耦合溶质转运蛋白。
DOI：
10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020559
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nussberger,S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hediger,MA;Kanai,Y;You,G;Nussberger,S
溶质进出细胞的主动转运通过利用不同能量耦合机制的专门转运蛋白进行。离子偶联转运蛋白将上坡溶质转运与下坡电化学离子梯度联系起来。在哺乳动物中，这些转运蛋白与H+、Na+、Cl-的共转运和/或K+或OH-的反向转运偶联。相比之下，ATP依赖性转运蛋白直接由ATP水解提供能量。表达克隆方法的发展，选择cDNA克隆的能力，诱导运输功能的非洲爪蟾卵母细胞的基础上，导致了几个离子耦合转运蛋白cDNA的克隆，并揭示了新的见解结构设计，能量耦合机制和生理相关的转运蛋白。不同类型的哺乳动物离子偶联转运蛋白通过讨论在我们自己的实验室中分离的转运蛋白如Na+/葡萄糖共转运蛋白SGLT 1和SGLT 2、H（+）偶联寡肽转运蛋白PepT 1和PepT 2以及Na（+）和K（+）依赖性神经元和上皮高亲和力谷氨酸转运蛋白EAAC 1来说明。迄今为止研究的大多数哺乳动物离子偶联有机溶质转运蛋白可分为以下转运蛋白家族：（1）主要的Na（+）偶联转运蛋白家族，包括Na+/葡萄糖共转运蛋白SGLT 1、SGLT 2、SGLT 3（SAAT‐ pSGLT 2）和肌醇转运蛋白SMIT，（2）Na（+）-和Cl（-）-偶联转运蛋白家族，包括γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的神经递质转运蛋白，5-羟色胺、多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素、甘氨酸和脯氨酸以及β-氨基酸转运蛋白，（3）Na（+）-和K（+）-依赖性谷氨酸/神经递质家族，包括高亲和力谷氨酸转运蛋白EAAC 1、GLT-1、GLAST，EAAT 4和中性氨基酸转运蛋白ASCT 1和SATT 1使人联想到系统ASC和（4）H（+）- 偶联寡肽转运蛋白家族，包括肠H（+）-依赖性寡肽转运蛋白PepT 1。
Active transport of solutes into and out of cells proceeds via specialized transporters that utilize diverse energy‐coupling mechanisms. Ion‐coupled transporters link uphill solute transport to downhill electrochemical ion gradients. In mammals, these transporters are coupled to the co‐transport of H+, Na+, Cl‐ and/or to the countertransport of K+ or OH‐. By contrast, ATP‐dependent transporters are directly energized by the hydrolysis of ATP. The development of expression cloning approaches to select cDNA clones solely based on their capacity to induce transport function in Xenopus oocytes has led to the cloning of several ion‐coupled transporter cDNAs and revealed new insights into structural designs, energy‐coupling mechanisms and physiological relevance of the transporter proteins. Different types of mammalian ion‐coupled transporters are illustrated by discussing transporters isolated in our own laboratory such as the Na+/glucose co‐transporters SGLT1 and SGLT2, the H(+)‐coupled oligopeptide transporters PepT1 and PepT2, and the Na(+)‐ and K(+)‐dependent neuronal and epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter EAAC1. Most mammalian ion‐coupled organic solute transporters studied so far can be grouped into the following transporter families: (1) the predominantly Na(+)‐coupled transporter family which includes the Na+/glucose co‐transporters SGLT1, SGLT2, SGLT3 (SAAT‐pSGLT2) and the inositol transporter SMIT, (2) the Na(+)‐ and Cl(‐)‐coupled transporter family which includes the neurotransmitter transporters of gamma‐amino‐butyric acid (GABA), serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, glycine and proline as well as transporters of beta‐amino acids, (3) the Na(+)‐ and K(+)‐dependent glutamate/neurotransmitter family which includes the high affinity glutamate transporters EAAC1, GLT‐1, GLAST, EAAT4 and the neutral amino acid transporters ASCT1 and SATT1 reminiscent of system ASC and (4) the H(+)‐coupled oligopeptide transporter family which includes the intestinal H(+)‐dependent oligopeptide transporter PepT1.