Principles of Natural Regeneration of Tropical Dry Forests for Restoration
Principles of Natural Regeneration of Tropical Dry Forests for Restoration
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1526-100x.2006.00100.x
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发表时间：
2006-03
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
D. L. Vieira;A. Scariot
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. L. Vieira;A. Scariot
热带干旱森林是最受威胁的热带陆地生态系统。然而，很少有研究已经进行了必要的自然再生，以恢复这些森林。我们回顾了热带干旱森林的再生生态学，作为恢复受干扰土地的一种工具。干旱森林的特点是相对较多的树种，小，干燥，风分散的种子。在小尺度上，风传播的种子比脊椎动物传播的植物更能在退化地区定居。小种子和含水量低的种子不易受干燥的影响，这是在开阔地区定居的主要障碍。种子在雨季早期的土壤中可以获得，以最大限度地延长生长时间。然而，多变的降水和频繁的干旱是种子和幼苗死亡的重要原因。在旱季结束时收集种子，并在土壤有足够水分时种植它们，可以增加幼苗的建立，减少它们暴露于种子捕食者的时间。在田间发芽和早期建立有利于在阴凉的网站，这有温和的环境和潮湿的土壤比开放的网站在低降雨量期间。然而，建立的幼苗的生长在开放的地区是有利的。因此，在已建立的幼苗周围修剪植物可能是改善生长和存活的良好管理选择。虽然干旱森林中有抗火或从中受益的物种，但频繁的火灾简化了群落物种的组成。重新发芽能力是干旱森林更新的一个重要机制，在森林恢复中必须加以考虑。干旱森林恢复的方法应该针对这种生态系统，而不仅仅是遵循为潮湿森林开发的方法。
Tropical dry forests are the most threatened tropical terrestrial ecosystem. However, few studies have been conducted on the natural regeneration necessary to restore these forests. We reviewed the ecology of regeneration of tropical dry forests as a tool to restore disturbed lands. Dry forests are characterized by a relatively high number of tree species with small, dry, wind‐dispersed seeds. Over small scales, wind‐dispersed seeds are better able to colonize degraded areas than vertebrate‐dispersed plants. Small seeds and those with low water content are less susceptible to desiccation, which is a major barrier for establishment in open areas. Seeds are available in the soil in the early rainy season to maximize the time to grow. However, highly variable precipitation and frequent dry spells are important sources of mortality in seeds and seedlings. Collecting seeds at the end of the dry season and planting them when soil has sufficient moisture may increase seedling establishment and reduce the time they are exposed to seed predators. Germination and early establishment in the field are favored in shaded sites, which have milder environment and moister soil than open sites during low rainfall periods. Growth of established seedlings, however, is favored in open areas. Therefore, clipping plants around established seedlings may be a good management option to improve growth and survival. Although dry forests have species either resistant to fire or that benefit from it, frequent fires simplify community species composition. Resprouting ability is a noticeable mechanism of regeneration in dry forests and must be considered for restoration. The approach to dry‐forest restoration should be tailored to this ecosystem instead of merely following approaches developed for moister forests.