Increasing evidence indicates low bioaccumulation of carbon nanotubes.
Increasing evidence indicates low bioaccumulation of carbon nanotubes.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1039/c6en00389c
复制
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Petersen EJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bjorkland R;Tobias D;Petersen EJ
随着碳纳米管（CNT）生产的扩大，释放到环境中的可能性也会增加。生物累积和毒理学效应的可能性促使人们研究其归宿和潜在的生态影响。对于许多有机化学品，生物累积特性与脂水分配特性有关。然而，基于相分配的预测提供了一个穷人适合纳米材料。由于缺乏关于碳纳米管的生物累积性和其他特性的数据，美国环境保护署（EPA）内的污染预防和有毒物质办公室（OPPT）要求对所有纳米材料的新的制造前提交材料进行更高级别的审查。我们回顾了植物、无脊椎动物和非哺乳类脊椎动物对碳纳米管生物累积的文献，总结了40项研究，以改进对生物累积潜力的评估。由于碳纳米管的性质和环境命运可能会受到类型（单壁与多壁），功能化，和剂量技术的影响，生物累积研究进行了审查，这些因素。还研究了组织吸收和跨种属消除行为。所有无脊椎动物和非哺乳动物脊椎动物研究均显示，该材料从肠道到其他组织的吸收很少或没有。这些发现加上迄今为止进行的CNT营养转移研究中缺乏生物放大作用，表明营养转移的总体风险较低。根据现有数据，特别是上皮表面对碳纳米管的低吸收水平，碳纳米管通常似乎构成了一类应被指定为生物累积低关注的类别。
As the production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) expands, so might the potential for release into the environment. The possibility of bioaccumulation and toxicological effects has prompted research on their fate and potential ecological effects. For many organic chemicals, bioaccumulation properties are associated with lipid-water partitioning properties. However, predictions based on phase partitioning provide a poor fit for nanomaterials. In the absence of data on the bioaccumulation and other properties of CNTs, the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT) within the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) subjects new pre-manufacture submissions for all nanomaterials to a higher-level review. We review the literature on CNT bioaccumulation by plants, invertebrates and non-mammalian vertebrates, summarizing 40 studies to improve the assessment of the potential for bioaccumulation. Because the properties and environmental fate of CNTs may be affected by type (single versus multiwall), functionalization, and dosing technique, the bioaccumulation studies were reviewed with respect to these factors. Absorption into tissues and elimination behaviors across species were also investigated. All of the invertebrate and non-mammalian vertebrate studies showed little to no absorption of the material from the gut tract to other tissues. These findings combined with the lack of biomagnification in the CNT trophic transfer studies conducted to date suggest that the overall risk of trophic transfer is low. Based on the available data, in particular the low levels of absorption of CNTs across epithelial surfaces, CNTs generally appear to form a class that should be designated as a low concern for bioaccumulation.