More Than Maths and Mindreading: Sex Differences in Empathizing/Systemizing Covariance
More Than Maths and Mindreading: Sex Differences in Empathizing/Systemizing Covariance
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DOI：
10.1002/aur.143
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Belmonte, Matthew K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Valla, Jeffrey M.;Ganzel, Barbara L.;Belmonte, Matthew K.
移情系统化理论假设了从自闭症延伸到正常认知变异的一系列认知特征。关于移情和系统化特征的协方差数据交替地提出了反向依赖、独立和性别依赖(一个性别依赖，另一个独立)的结构。对144名正常大学生(男65名，女79名)进行了眼神知觉、镶嵌图形、本顿面孔再认测验、自闭症谱商测验、位长比测验和学习领域测验，部分大学生还完成了动作连贯阈值测验()和Go/no-go运动抑制测验(128)。移情和系统化特征在女性中是独立的，但在男性中很大程度上取决于。在男性中，研究领域所需的系统化技能水平与社交互动和注意缺陷直接相关；男性的社交障碍与较长的GO/NO-GO反应时间相关；男性倾向于使用系统化策略来解决移情或全局加工问题：快速知觉分离预示着对面部情绪的敏感度提高。在女性中，领域系统化水平与男性典型数字比例和自闭症患者在细节定向上的优势有关，而与自闭症社交和沟通障碍无关；知觉去嵌入与社交技能有关，但与面部情绪和视觉运动知觉无关。
Empathizing Systemizing theory posits a continuum of cognitive traits extending from autism into normal cognitive variation. Covariance data on empathizing and systemizing traits have alternately suggested inversely dependent, independent, and sex-dependent (one sex dependent, the other independent) structures. A total of 144 normal undergraduates (65 men, 79 women) completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes, Embedded Figures, and Benton face recognition tests, the Autism Spectrum Quotient, and measures of digit length ratio and field of study; some also completed tests of motion coherence threshold (64) and go/no-go motor inhibition (128). Empathizing and systemizing traits were independent in women, but largely dependent in men. In men, level of systemizing skill required by field of study was directly related to social interactive and mindreading deficits; men's social impairments correlated with prolonged go/no-go response times, and men tended to apply systemizing strategies to solve problems of empathizing or global processing: rapid perceptual disembedcling predicted heightened sensitivity to facial emotion. In women, level of systemizing in field was related to male-typical digit ratios and autistic superiorities in detail orientation, but not to autistic social and communicative impairments; and perceptual disembedding was related to social interactive skills but independent of facial emotion and visual motion perception.