The severe acute respiratory syndrome: impact on travel and tourism.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome: impact on travel and tourism.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tmaid.2005.04.004
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发表时间：
2006-03
影响因子：
12
通讯作者：
Wilder-Smith A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wilder-Smith A
SARS和旅行有着千丝万缕的联系。旅行者属于疫情初期主要受影响的人群，旅行者成为疾病的传播媒介，最后，旅行和旅游业本身成为受害者。SARS的爆发引起了国际社会的焦虑，因为它的新奇，在某些环境中容易传播，通过喷气式飞机传播的速度，加上媒体的广泛报道。SARS的心理影响，加上各国和国际当局实施的旅行限制，使2003年的国际旅行减少，远远超出了对真正受SARS影响地区的限制。政府和新闻界，特别是非SARS疫区的政府和新闻界，在及时和频繁地进行风险沟通和将风险置于适当的背景下之间取得适当的平衡方面进展缓慢。在机场入境点进行筛查费用高，成效低，而且本身是不够的。侦测到严重急性呼吸系统综合症的比率偏低，很可能是由于多项因素所致，例如旅游签证令往返受严重急性呼吸系统综合症影响地区的旅客减少、受严重急性呼吸系统综合症影响国家的机场实施有效的离境前检查，以及在最后实施检查时，新个案迅速下降。与其投资于机场筛查措施以检测罕见传染病，不如将投资用于加强卫生保健系统入境点的筛查和感染控制能力。如果SARS再次发生，如果从最近的流行病中吸取教训，随后的爆发将较小，更容易控制。会议将讨论疫情期间在国际旅行方面吸取的教训。
SARS and travel are intricately interlinked. Travelers belonged to those primarily affected in the early stages of the outbreak, travelers became vectors of the disease, and finally, travel and tourism themselves became the victims. The outbreak of SARS created international anxiety because of its novelty, its ease of transmission in certain settings, and the speed of its spread through jet travel, combined with extensive media coverage. The psychological impacts of SARS, coupled with travel restrictions imposed by various national and international authorities, have diminished international travel in 2003, far beyond the limitations to truly SARS hit areas. Governments and press, especially in non SARS affected areas, have been slow to strike the right balance between timely and frequent risk communication and placing risk in the proper context. Screening at airport entry points is costly, has a low yield and is not sufficient in itself. The low yield in detecting SARS is most likely due to a combination of factors, such as travel advisories which resulted in reduced travel to and from SARS affected areas, implementation of effective pre-departure screening at airports in SARS-hit countries, and a rapid decline in new cases at the time when screening was finally introduced. Rather than investing in airport screening measures to detect rare infectious diseases, investments should be used to strengthen screening and infection control capacities at points of entry into the healthcare system. If SARS reoccurs, the subsequent outbreak will be smaller and more easily contained if the lessons learnt from the recent epidemic are applied. Lessons learnt during the outbreak in relation to international travel will be discussed.