EFFECT OF HYPOXIA ON PENTOSE PHOSPHATE-PATHWAY IN BRAIN
EFFECT OF HYPOXIA ON PENTOSE PHOSPHATE-PATHWAY IN BRAIN
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb04437.x
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发表时间：
1976-01-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
GOLLOMP, SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HAKIM, AM;MOSS, G;GOLLOMP, SM
本文测定了人死后18-55个脑区的酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）、多巴脱羧酶（DDC）、谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD）、胆碱乙酰转移酶（CAT）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）。该系列包括猝死和意外死亡（22例）、因非神经系统疾病在医院死亡（6例）、帕金森病（12例）、亨廷顿舞蹈病（8例）、终末昏迷（6例）或头部损伤（2例）的患者。获得的绝对值相比，有利的一些以前的人类研究，这些酶的高值，以及与猴子和狒狒的数据。酶的区域分布也与先前在人类和动物研究中报道的那些相当。从这项研究中似乎发现了一些与人体组织有关的重要问题。在非神经系统和非昏迷病例中，死亡方式不是酶水平的一个因素。死后延迟似乎也不是一个主要因素，即使在处死和取出大脑进行测定之间几个小时的大鼠中可以证明GAD、TH和DDC的大幅下降。年龄对大脑的某些区域有非常显著的影响。下降通常遵循曲线模式（活动= A/年龄+ B，较年轻年龄组下降最快）。DDC似乎是受年龄影响最严重的酶，但所有酶在某些大脑区域都显示出下降，而在其他区域则没有显着下降。除乙酰胆碱酯酶外，所有酶都因疾病昏迷而受到严重抑制。脑干TH和DDC在颅脑损伤病例中未受影响。帕金森病患者黑质、尾状核和壳核TH活性明显降低。苍白球（GP）和黑质中的GAD降低，新纹状体中的GAD略有降低。锥体外核CAT水平正常。在亨廷顿舞蹈病中，所有锥体外系结构中的GAD显著降低。在新纹状体和蓝斑有斑片状的CAT丢失。
—Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopa decarboxylase (DDC), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), choline acetyltransferase (CAT), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured in 18–55 areas of brain from humans post mortem. Individuals meeting sudden and unexpected death (22), patients dying in hospital with non–neurological illness (6), Parkinson's disease (12), Huntington's chorea (8), terminal coma (6) or head injury (2) were included in the series. The absolute values obtained compared favourably with some previous human studies where high values for these enzymes were obtained, as well as with monkey and baboon data. The regional distributions of the enzymes were also comparable to those previously reported in human and animal studies. A number of important points with regard to human tissue seemed to emerge from the study. The mode of death was not a factor in enzyme levels in non–neurological and non‐coma cases. Post mortem delay did not seem to be a major factor either even though a substantial decline in GAD, TH and DDC could be demonstrated in rats left several hours between sacrifice and removal of the brain for assay. Age had a highly significant effect in certain areas of brain. The decline typically followed a curvilinear pattern (activity = A/age + B with the sharpest drops being in the younger age groups). DDC seemed to be the enzyme most severely affected by age but all the enzymes showed declines in certain brain areas, while in other areas there was no significant decline. All the enzymes were very depressed by coma from illness except AChE. TH and DDC in the brain stem were, however, not affected in the head injury cases. The Parkinsonian cases showed a sharply decreased TH activity in the substantia nigra, caudate and putamen. There were decreases in GAD in the globus pallidus (GP) and substantia nigra with marginal decreases in the neostriatum. CAT levels in the extrapyramidal nuclei were normal. In Huntington's chorea there was a substantial decrease in GAD in all the extrapyramidal structures. There was a patchy loss of CAT in the neostriatum and locus coeruleus.