Live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccines.
Live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccines.
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活衰减的呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗。
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-38919-1_13
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Collins PL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karron RA;Buchholz UJ;Collins PL
减毒活呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）疫苗为婴儿和幼儿的免疫接种提供了几个优点：（1）它们不会引起疫苗相关的增强型RSV疾病;（2）它们在呼吸道中广泛刺激全身和局部的先天性、体液和细胞免疫;（3）它们经鼻内递送;和（4）尽管存在被动获得的母体来源的RSV中和抗体，但它们在幼儿的上呼吸道中复制。本章介绍了早期的努力，开发疫苗通过经典的方法，一系列的冷通道和化学诱变，最近的努力，利用反向遗传学，以获得减毒衍生物的野生型（WT）RSV和副流感病毒疫苗载体，表达RSV表面糖蛋白。
Live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines offer several advantages for immunization of infants and young children: (1) they do not cause vaccine-associated enhanced RSV disease; (2) they broadly stimulate innate, humoral, and cellular immunity, both systemically and locally in the respiratory tract; (3) they are delivered intranasally; and (4) they replicate in the upper respiratory tract of young infants despite the presence of passively acquired maternally derived RSV neutralizing antibody. This chapter describes early efforts to develop vaccines through the classic methods of serial cold-passage and chemical mutagenesis, and recent efforts using reverse genetics to derive attenuated derivatives of wild-type (WT) RSV and to develop parainfluenza vaccine vectors that express RSV surface glycoproteins.