Societal perceptions and lived experience: Infant feeding practices in premodern Japan.
Societal perceptions and lived experience: Infant feeding practices in premodern Japan.
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.23939
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发表时间：
2019-12
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Takumi Tsutaya;Kazuhiko Shimatani;M. Yoneda;M. Abe;T. Nagaoka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Takumi Tsutaya;Kazuhiko Shimatani;M. Yoneda;M. Abe;T. Nagaoka
目的在前现代的日本，人们对待和重视儿童的方式发生了变化，因为以继承为基础的家庭制度的流行思想导致了社会地位较低的群体更仔细、更有感情地养育孩子。写了许多书，建议母乳喂养应该持续大约3年。这项研究的目的是重建和比较过渡前后的母乳喂养和断奶做法，以阐明记录在案的育儿做法变化对亚成人生活体验的影响。材料与方法从日本大阪Sakai Kango Toshi 871(SKT871)遗址出土的40具亚成人骨骼(17-19世纪末)获得碳、氮稳定同位素数据。SKT871的同位素结果与之前报道的一桥遗址(公元1657-1683年，日本东京)的结果进行了比较。一桥和SKT871代表了亚成人社会认知转变前后地位较低的城市人口。结果SKT871最有可能的脱机年龄为1.9岁(1.4~2.7岁，可信区间95%)，低于一桥组(2.1~4.1岁，可信区间95%)。讨论在社会观念向亚成人转变后，断奶结束时的年龄变得更年轻，这一更年轻的断奶年龄与前现代日本关于断奶持续时间的书面建议不一致。在以继承为基础的家庭制度下，对继承人的需求增加可能导致了更早的断奶和更短的两胎间隔，但当局建议更长的母乳喂养期是一种理想的做法。
OBJECTIVES A change in how children were treated and valued occurred in premodern Japan, as popularized ideas of an inheritance-based family system led to more careful and affectionate child-rearing practices by lower social-status groups. A number of books were written, advising that breastfeeding should last approximately 3 years. The objective of this study is to reconstruct and compare breastfeeding and weaning practices before and after the transition, to illuminate the impact of documented changes in child-rearing practices on subadults' lived experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic data were obtained from 40 subadult skeletons excavated from the Sakai Kango Toshi 871 (SKT871) site (late 17th-19th century, Osaka, Japan). Isotopic results from SKT871 were compared with previously reported results from the Hitotsubashi site (AD 1657-1683, Tokyo, Japan). Hitotsubashi and SKT871 represent urban populations of lower status before and after the transition of societal perception of subadults. RESULTS The most probable age at the end of weaning reconstructed in SKT871 was 1.9 years (1.4-2.7 years with a 95% credible interval) and was lower than that in Hitotsubashi (2.1-4.1 years with a 95% credible interval). DISCUSSION The age at the end of weaning became younger after the transition of societal perception toward subadults, and this younger weaning age is inconsistent with written recommendations for the duration of weaning in premodern Japan. It is possible that an increased need for inheritors under the inheritance-based family system led to earlier weaning and shorter inter-birth intervals, but authorities recommended an ideal practice of a longer breastfeeding period.