Mucosal immunity of the postpartum bovine genital tract
Mucosal immunity of the postpartum bovine genital tract
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DOI：
10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.08.010
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Griebel, Philip
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dadarwal, Dinesh;Palmer, Colin;Griebel, Philip
在这篇综述中，用于控制感染的牛生殖道（前庭，阴道，子宫颈，子宫和输卵管）在产后期间的粘膜免疫防御机制进行了审查。知识差距突出强调需要进一步调查。微生物进入的物理屏障包括外阴封闭、前庭阴道收缩、狭窄的宫颈口和粘膜上皮沿着覆盖粘液层。生殖道粘膜上皮细胞识别损伤相关的分子模式和病原体相关的分子模式，并通过分泌抗菌肽和细胞因子来募集和激活免疫细胞。中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞代表了由细胞因子募集到炎症部位的先天免疫防御的第一线。巨噬细胞、子宫内膜上皮细胞和树突状细胞与T细胞相互作用以引发细胞应答并调节抗体应答。免疫调节成分，如M2-巨噬细胞和调节性T细胞，虽然研究较少，但可能与上皮细胞再生协同工作，以协调产后子宫的复旧，并为下一次怀孕准备生殖道。阴道和子宫微生物组在调节子宫炎症中的作用是一个新兴的研究热点，需要进一步研究以整合有关奶牛营养和代谢状态与先天免疫反应和宿主微生物组相互作用的信息。更好地了解这些复杂的相互作用对于开发更有效的预防和治疗子宫炎症的疗法至关重要。(C)2017爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
In this review, mucosal immune defense mechanisms used to control infections in the bovine genital tract (vestibule, vagina, cervix, uterus and oviduct) during the postpartum period are reviewed. Knowledge gaps are highlighted to emphasize the need for further investigations. Physical barriers to the entry of microbes include vulvar sealing, vestibule-vaginal constriction, a narrow cervical opening and the mucosal epithelium along with the overlying mucus layer. Genital tract mucosal epithelial cells recognize damage-associated molecular patterns and pathogen-associated molecular patterns and respond by secreting antimicrobial peptides and cytokines to recruit and activate immune cells. Neutrophils and macrophages represent the first line of innate immune defenses recruited by cytokines to the site of inflammation. Macrophages, endometrial epithelial cells and dendritic cells interact with T cells to elicit cellular responses and regulate antibody responses. Immune regulatory components such as M2-macrophages and regulatory T-cells, although less studied, may work in conjunction with epithelial cell regeneration to coordinate involution of the postpartum uterus and prepare the genital tract for the next pregnancy. A role for the vaginal and uterine microbiome in modulating uterine inflammation is an emerging research focus and further studies are required to integrate information on the nutritional and metabolic status of cows with innate immune responses and host-microbiome interactions. A greater understanding of these complex interactions is critical for developing more effective therapies for the prevention and treatment of uterine inflammation. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.