Long-chain fatty acids and inflammation
Long-chain fatty acids and inflammation
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DOI：
10.1017/s0029665112000067
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发表时间：
2012-05-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Calder, Philip C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calder, Philip C.
炎症在许多常见病症和疾病中起着关键作用。脂肪酸可以通过从细胞膜到细胞核的多种机制影响炎症。它们通过控制炎症细胞信号传导和基因表达模式的细胞表面和细胞内受体起作用。炎性细胞膜脂肪酸组成的改变可以改变膜流动性、脂筏形成和细胞信号传导，导致基因表达改变，并且可以改变脂质和肽介质产生的模式。参与炎症反应的细胞通常在其膜磷脂中含有相对高比例的n-6脂肪酸花生四烯酸。由花生四烯酸产生的类花生酸在炎症中具有公认的作用。海洋n-3脂肪酸EPA和DHA的口服给药增加了参与炎症的细胞膜中EPA和DHA的含量。这伴随着花生四烯酸存在量的减少。EPA是类花生酸合成的底物，并且这些通常不如由花生四烯酸产生的那些有效。EPA产生E-系列消退素，DHA产生D-系列消退素和保护素。消退素和保护素是抗炎和炎症消退的。因此，炎症细胞暴露于不同类型的脂肪酸可以影响它们的功能，因此有可能改变炎症过程。
Inflammation plays a key role in many common conditions and diseases. Fatty acids can influence inflammation through a variety of mechanisms acting from the membrane to the nucleus. They act through cell surface and intracellular receptors that control inflammatory cell signalling and gene expression patterns. Modifications of inflammatory cell membrane fatty acid composition can modify membrane fluidity, lipid raft formation and cell signalling leading to altered gene expression and can alter the pattern of lipid and peptide mediator production. Cells involved in the inflammatory response usually contain a relatively high proportion of the n-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid in their membrane phospholipids. Eicosanoids produced from arachidonic acid have well-recognised roles in inflammation. Oral administration of the marine n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA increases the contents of EPA and DHA in the membranes of cells involved in inflammation. This is accompanied by a decrease in the amount of arachidonic acid present. EPA is a substrate for eicosanoid synthesis and these are often less potent than those produced from arachidonic acid. EPA gives rise to E-series resolvins and DHA gives rise to D-series resolvins and protectins. Resolvins and protectins are anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving. Thus, the exposure of inflammatory cells to different types of fatty acids can influence their function and so has the potential to modify inflammatory processes.