Phylogeny and ancient DNA of Sus provides insights into neolithic expansion in island southeast Asia and Oceania
Phylogeny and ancient DNA of Sus provides insights into neolithic expansion in island southeast Asia and Oceania
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0607753104
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发表时间：
2007-03-20
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Dobney, Keith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Larson, Greger;Cucchi, Thomas;Dobney, Keith
人类在大洋洲的定居标志着至少9万年前人类首次离开非洲开始的全球殖民进程的高潮。南岛人和相关的拉皮塔文化的确切起源和传播路线仍然存在争议，并且提出了许多不同的传播模型（主要基于语言，遗传和考古数据）。在这里，通过使用781个现代和古代苏氏猪标本的mtDNA，我们提供了苏拉威西疣猪（Sus celebensis）早期人类介导的迁移到弗洛雷斯和帝汶的证据，以及后来两次人类介导的家猪（Sus scrofa）从东南亚岛屿到大洋洲的分散。在后来的传播路线中，有一条与新石器时代（Lapita）和后来的波利尼西亚人的迁徙有明确的联系，并将现代和考古的爪哇、苏门答腊、华莱士和海洋猪与东南亚大陆的scrofa联系起来。考古和遗传证据表明，这些猪肯定是被引入到华莱士线以东的岛屿，包括新几内亚，而这个地区所谓的“野生”猪很可能是早期农学家引入的家猪的野生后代。另一种后来的猪传播将东亚大陆的猪与密克罗尼西亚西部、台湾和菲律宾联系起来。这些结果提供了重要的数据，用于测试该地区人类扩散的当前模型。
Human settlement of Oceania marked the culmination of a global colonization process that began when humans first left Africa at least 90,000 years ago. The precise origins and dispersal routes of the Austronesian peoples and the associated Lapita culture remain contentious, and numerous disparate models of dispersal (based primarily on linguistic, genetic, and archeological data) have been proposed. Here, through the use of mtDNA from 781 modern and ancient Sus specimens, we provide evidence for an early human-mediated translocation of the Sulawesi warty pig (Sus celebensis) to Flores and Timor and two later separate human-mediated dispersals of domestic pig (Sus scrofa) through Island Southeast Asia into Oceania. Of the later dispersal routes, one is unequivocally associated with the Neolithic (Lapita) and later Polynesian migrations and links modern and archeological Javan, Sumatran, Wallacean, and oceanic pigs with mainland Southeast Asian S. scrofa. Archeological and genetic evidence shows these pigs were certainly introduced to islands east of the Wallace Line, including New Guinea, and that so-called "wild" pigs within this region are most likely feral descendants of domestic pigs introduced by early agriculturalists. The other later pig dispersal links mainland East Asian pigs to western Micronesia, Taiwan, and the Philippines. These results provide important data with which to test current models for human dispersal in the region.