Parametric studies and optimisation of pumped thermal electricity storage
Parametric studies and optimisation of pumped thermal electricity storage
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.08.039
复制
发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
Markides, Christos N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McTigue, Joshua D.;White, Alexander J.;Markides, Christos N.
一些新兴的电力储存技术是基于某种形式的热能储存（TES）。实例包括液体空气能量存储、泵送热能存储以及至少部分地先进的绝热压缩空气能量存储。与其他大规模存储方法相比，TES受益于相对较高的能量密度，这应转化为每兆瓦时存储容量的低成本和小的安装占地面积。工商业污水附加费也不受适用于水力储存计划的地理限制。用于电力存储的TES概念在充电阶段依赖于热泵或制冷循环来创建热或冷存储空间（热存储器），或者在某些情况下两者兼而有之。在放电期间，通过反转循环来耗尽热存储器，使得其充当热力发动机。本论文关注的是一种形式的TES，既有热的和冷的填充床蓄热器，并为热泵和热机是基于往复式焦耳循环，与氩气作为工作流体。热力学分析的基础上，传统的循环计算加上舒曼式模型的填充床。特别注意的是各种损失产生的机制和它们对往返效率和存储密度的影响。首先提出了一个参数研究，检查结果的敏感性，假设值的各种损失因素，并证明了相当复杂的影响，众多的设计变量。优化研究的结果，然后给出的往返效率，能量密度和功率密度的权衡表面的形式。优化的设计显示出相对平坦的效率与能量密度的权衡，因此可以仅以适度的效率损失获得高存储密度。优化后，由于压力降和热储中的不可逆传热造成的损失仅为百分之几，因此往返效率主要取决于压缩和膨胀过程的效率：接近抽水蓄能方案的总往返效率可能是可实现的，同时获得大约200 MJ m（-3）的能量存储密度，但这取决于往复式装置能否获得压缩和膨胀效率，而这一点尚未得到证实。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Several of the emerging technologies for electricity storage are based on some form of thermal energy storage (TES). Examples include liquid air energy storage, pumped heat energy storage and, at least in part, advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage. Compared to other large-scale storage methods, TES benefits from relatively high energy densities, which should translate into a low cost per MW h of storage capacity and a small installation footprint. TES is also free from the geographic constraints that apply to hydro storage schemes. TES concepts for electricity storage rely on either a heat pump or refrigeration cycle during the charging phase to create a hot or a cold storage space (the thermal stores), or in some cases both. During discharge, the thermal stores are depleted by reversing the cycle such that it acts as a heat engine. The present paper is concerned with a form of TES that has both hot and cold packed-bed thermal stores, and for which the heat pump and heat engine are based on a reciprocating Joule cycle, with argon as the working fluid. A thermodynamic analysis is presented based on traditional cycle calculations coupled with a Schumann-style model of the packed beds. Particular attention is paid to the various loss-generating mechanisms and their effect on roundtrip efficiency and storage density. A parametric study is first presented that examines the sensitivity of results to assumed values of the various loss factors and demonstrates the rather complex influence of the numerous design variables. Results of an optimisation study are then given in the form of trade-off surfaces for roundtrip efficiency, energy density and power density. The optimised designs show a relatively flat efficiency vs. energy density trade-off, so high storage density can be attained with only a modest efficiency penalty. After optimisation, losses due to pressure drop and irreversible heat transfer in the thermal reservoirs are only a few percent, so roundtrip efficiency is governed mainly by the efficiency of the compression and expansion processes: overall roundtrip efficiencies approaching those for pumped hydro schemes might be achievable whilst simultaneously attaining energy storage densities of around 200 MJ m(-3), but this is contingent upon attaining compression and expansion efficiencies for the reciprocating devices that have yet to be proven. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.